graphify/graphify/extract.py

"""Deterministic structural extraction from source code using tree-sitter. Outputs nodes+edges dicts."""
from __future__ import annotations

import hashlib
import importlib
import json
import os
import re
import sys
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Callable

from .cache import load_cached, save_cached
from .mcp_ingest import extract_mcp_config, is_mcp_config_path
from .manifest_ingest import extract_package_manifest, is_package_manifest_path
from .resolver_registry import (
    LanguageResolver,
    register as register_language_resolver,
    run_language_resolvers,
)
from .ruby_resolution import resolve_ruby_member_calls

# --- migrated to graphify/extractors/ (see graphify/extractors/MIGRATION.md) ---
from graphify.extractors.base import (  # noqa: F401
    _LANGUAGE_BUILTIN_GLOBALS,
    _file_stem,
    _make_id,
    _read_text,
)
from graphify.extractors.apex import extract_apex  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.bash import extract_bash  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.blade import extract_blade  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.csharp import (
    _resolve_cross_file_csharp_imports,
    _resolve_csharp_type_references,
)
from graphify.extractors.dart import extract_dart  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.dm import extract_dm, extract_dmf, extract_dmi, extract_dmm  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.elixir import extract_elixir  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.fortran import _cpp_preprocess, extract_fortran  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.go import extract_go  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.json_config import extract_json  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.markdown import extract_markdown  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.pascal_forms import extract_delphi_form, extract_lazarus_form  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.powershell import extract_powershell, extract_powershell_manifest  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.razor import extract_razor  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.rust import extract_rust  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.sln import extract_sln  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.sql import extract_sql  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.terraform import extract_terraform  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.verilog import extract_verilog  # noqa: F401
from graphify.extractors.zig import extract_zig  # noqa: F401
from graphify.security import sanitize_metadata
from graphify.paths import disambiguate_ambiguous_candidates

from graphify.extractors.models import LanguageConfig, _JS_CACHE_BYPASS_SUFFIXES, _NamespaceExportFact, _StarExportFact, _SymbolAliasFact, _SymbolDeclarationFact, _SymbolExportFact, _SymbolImportFact, _SymbolResolutionFacts, _SymbolUseFact, _WORKSPACE_PACKAGE_CACHE  # noqa: E402,F401

from graphify.extractors.resolution import (  # noqa: E402,F401
    _DECLDEF_HEADER_SUFFIXES,
    _DECLDEF_IMPL_SUFFIXES,
    _EXPORT_CONDITION_PRIORITY,
    _JS_INDEX_FILES,
    _JS_PRIMITIVE_TYPES,
    _JS_RESOLVE_EXTS,
    _TSCONFIG_ALIAS_CACHE,
    _VUE_SCRIPT_LANG_RE,
    _VUE_SCRIPT_RE,
    _WORKSPACE_MANIFEST_NAMES,
    _apply_symbol_resolution_facts,
    _augment_symbol_resolution_edges,
    _collect_js_symbol_resolution_facts,
    _collect_python_symbol_resolution_facts,
    _contained_in_package,
    _decldef_class_stem,
    _disambiguate_colliding_node_ids,
    _find_workspace_root,
    _is_type_like_definition,
    _js_call_identifier,
    _js_default_export_name,
    _js_default_import_name,
    _js_export_clause,
    _js_export_statement_is_star,
    _js_exported_declaration_names,
    _js_lexical_aliases,
    _js_module_specifier,
    _js_named_specifiers,
    _js_namespace_export_name,
    _js_source_path,
    _js_top_level_function_bodies,
    _load_tsconfig_aliases,
    _load_workspace_packages,
    _match_tsconfig_alias,
    _merge_decl_def_classes,
    _node_disambiguation_source_key,
    _package_entry_candidates,
    _parse_js_tree,
    _parse_python_tree,
    _pascal_class_stem_cache,
    _pascal_project_root,
    _pascal_resolve_class,
    _pascal_resolve_unit,
    _pascal_unit_cache,
    _pnpm_workspace_globs,
    _python_call_identifier,
    _python_import_from_module,
    _python_imported_names,
    _python_top_level_function_bodies,
    _read_tsconfig_aliases,
    _resolve_c_include_path,
    _resolve_cross_file_imports,
    _resolve_cross_file_java_imports,
    _resolve_export_target,
    _resolve_java_type_references,
    _resolve_js_import_path,
    _resolve_js_import_target,
    _resolve_js_module_path,
    _resolve_lua_import_target,
    _resolve_python_module_path,
    _resolve_tsconfig_alias,
    _resolve_workspace_import,
    _source_key,
    _strip_jsonc,
    _ts_collect_type_refs,
    _ts_heritage_clause_entries,
    _ts_walk_class_members,
    _vue_mask_non_script,
    _walk_js_tree,
    _walk_python_tree,
    _workspace_globs,
)

_RECURSION_LIMIT = 10_000

# Language built-in globals that AST may classify as call targets when used as
# constructors or coercion functions (e.g. String(x), Number(x), Boolean(x)).
# Without this filter they become god-nodes accumulating spurious edges from
# every call site. Filter applied at same-file and cross-file resolution.
# See issue #726.


def _raise_recursion_limit() -> None:
    if sys.getrecursionlimit() < _RECURSION_LIMIT:
        sys.setrecursionlimit(_RECURSION_LIMIT)


def _safe_extract(extractor: Callable, path: Path) -> dict:
    try:
        return extractor(path)
    except RecursionError:
        print(f"  warning: skipped {path} (recursion limit exceeded)", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": "recursion_limit_exceeded"}
    except Exception as e:
        if os.environ.get("GRAPHIFY_DEBUG"):
            import traceback
            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
        print(f"  warning: skipped {path} ({type(e).__name__}: {e})", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": f"{type(e).__name__}: {e}"}


def _file_node_id(rel_path: Path) -> str:
    """File-level node ID matching the skill.md spec: ``{parent_dir}_{stem}`` —
    one parent directory level, no extension. ``rel_path`` MUST be relative to
    the project root so top-level files collapse to a bare stem (``setup.py`` ->
    ``setup``) instead of picking up the root directory name. This must equal the
    ID semantic subagents generate, or AST and semantic extraction split a file
    into two disconnected ghost nodes (#1033)."""
    return _make_id(_file_stem(rel_path))


def _csharp_namespace_id(dotted_name: str) -> str:
    digest = hashlib.sha1(dotted_name.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()[:16]
    return f"csharp_namespace:{digest}"


SEMANTIC_RELATIONS = frozenset({
    "inherits", "implements", "mixes_in", "embeds", "references",
    "calls", "imports", "imports_from", "re_exports", "contains", "method",
})

REFERENCE_CONTEXTS = frozenset({
    "field", "parameter_type", "return_type", "generic_arg", "attribute", "value", "type",
})


def _source_location(line: int | str | None) -> str | None:
    if line is None:
        return None
    if isinstance(line, str):
        return line if line.startswith("L") else f"L{line}"
    return f"L{line}"


def _semantic_reference_edge(
    source: str,
    target: str,
    context: str,
    source_file: str,
    line: int | str | None,
) -> dict:
    if context not in REFERENCE_CONTEXTS:
        raise ValueError(f"unknown reference context: {context}")
    return {
        "source": source,
        "target": target,
        "relation": "references",
        "context": context,
        "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
        "source_file": source_file,
        "source_location": _source_location(line),
        "weight": 1.0,
    }


# Condition keys consulted when resolving an `exports` target, in priority
# order. `default` is Node's catch-all and must be consulted LAST so a more
# specific condition (source/import/module/etc.) wins when several match.


# ── LanguageConfig dataclass ─────────────────────────────────────────────────


# ── Generic helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────


_PYTHON_TYPE_CONTAINERS = frozenset({
    "list", "dict", "set", "tuple", "frozenset", "type",
    "List", "Dict", "Set", "Tuple", "FrozenSet", "Type",
    "Optional", "Union", "Sequence", "Iterable", "Mapping", "MutableMapping",
    "Iterator", "Callable", "Awaitable", "AsyncIterable", "AsyncIterator", "Coroutine",
    "Generator", "AsyncGenerator", "ContextManager", "AsyncContextManager",
    "Annotated", "ClassVar", "Final", "Literal", "Concatenate", "ParamSpec", "TypeVar",
    "None", "Ellipsis",
})

# Scalar builtins and test-mock names that appear as type annotations but carry
# no useful semantic meaning as graph nodes (#1147). Suppressed at the annotation
# walker level so they are never created as nodes or emitted as edges.
_PYTHON_ANNOTATION_NOISE = frozenset({
    # scalar builtins
    "str", "int", "float", "bool", "bytes", "bytearray", "complex", "object",
    "True", "False",
    # unittest.mock
    "MagicMock", "Mock", "AsyncMock", "NonCallableMock",
    "NonCallableMagicMock", "PropertyMock", "patch", "sentinel",
})


def _python_collect_type_refs(node, source: bytes, generic: bool, out: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
    """Walk a Python type annotation; append (name, role) where role is 'type' or 'generic_arg'.

    Builtin/typing containers (list, dict, Optional, Union, …) are not emitted as refs themselves,
    but their nested type arguments still count as generic_arg.
    """
    if node is None:
        return
    t = node.type
    if t == "type":
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _python_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)
        return
    if t == "identifier":
        name = _read_text(node, source)
        if name and name not in _PYTHON_TYPE_CONTAINERS and name not in _PYTHON_ANNOTATION_NOISE:
            out.append((name, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t == "attribute":
        tail = _read_text(node, source).rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
        if tail and tail not in _PYTHON_TYPE_CONTAINERS and tail not in _PYTHON_ANNOTATION_NOISE:
            out.append((tail, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t == "generic_type":
        for c in node.children:
            if c.type == "identifier":
                container = _read_text(c, source)
                if container and container not in _PYTHON_TYPE_CONTAINERS and container not in _PYTHON_ANNOTATION_NOISE:
                    out.append((container, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
            elif c.type == "type_parameter":
                for sub in c.children:
                    if sub.is_named:
                        _python_collect_type_refs(sub, source, True, out)
        return
    if t == "subscript":
        value = node.child_by_field_name("value")
        if value is not None:
            _python_collect_type_refs(value, source, generic, out)
        for c in node.children:
            if c is value or not c.is_named:
                continue
            _python_collect_type_refs(c, source, True, out)
        return
    if node.is_named:
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _python_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)


def _csharp_pre_scan_interfaces(root_node, source: bytes) -> set[str]:
    """Return names declared as `interface` in this C# compilation unit."""
    out: set[str] = set()
    stack = [root_node]
    while stack:
        n = stack.pop()
        if n.type == "interface_declaration":
            name_node = n.child_by_field_name("name")
            if name_node is not None:
                text = _read_text(name_node, source)
                if text:
                    out.add(text)
        stack.extend(n.children)
    return out


def _csharp_classify_base(name: str, interface_names: set[str]) -> str:
    """`implements` if the base name is an interface (declared or by I-prefix convention), else `inherits`."""
    if name in interface_names:
        return "implements"
    if len(name) >= 2 and name[0] == "I" and name[1].isupper():
        return "implements"
    return "inherits"


_CSHARP_TYPE_PARAMETER_SCOPE_DECLARATIONS = frozenset({
    "class_declaration",
    "interface_declaration",
    "record_declaration",
    "struct_declaration",
    "method_declaration",
})


def _csharp_type_parameters_in_scope(node, source: bytes) -> frozenset[str]:
    """Return C# type-parameter names visible from ``node``."""
    names: set[str] = set()
    scope = node
    while scope is not None:
        if scope.type in _CSHARP_TYPE_PARAMETER_SCOPE_DECLARATIONS:
            for child in scope.children:
                if child.type != "type_parameter_list":
                    continue
                for param in child.children:
                    if param.type == "type_parameter":
                        name_node = next(
                            (sub for sub in param.children if sub.type == "identifier"),
                            None,
                        )
                        if name_node is not None:
                            name = _read_text(name_node, source)
                            if name:
                                names.add(name)
                    elif param.type == "identifier":
                        name = _read_text(param, source)
                        if name:
                            names.add(name)
        scope = scope.parent
    return frozenset(names)


def _csharp_collect_type_refs(
    node,
    source: bytes,
    generic: bool,
    out: list[tuple[str, str, bool, str]],
    skip: frozenset[str] | None = None,
) -> None:
    """Walk a C# type expression; append (name, role, qualified, qualifier) tuples."""
    if node is None:
        return
    if skip is None:
        skip = _csharp_type_parameters_in_scope(node, source)
    t = node.type
    if t == "predefined_type":
        return
    if t == "identifier":
        name = _read_text(node, source)
        if name and name not in skip:
            out.append((name, "generic_arg" if generic else "type", False, ""))
        return
    if t == "qualified_name":
        prefix, _, text = _read_text(node, source).rpartition(".")
        text = text.split("<", 1)[0]
        if text and text not in skip:
            out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type", True, prefix))
        return
    if t == "generic_name":
        name_child = node.child_by_field_name("name")
        if name_child is None:
            for sub in node.children:
                if sub.type == "identifier":
                    name_child = sub
                    break
        if name_child is not None:
            qualified = name_child.type == "qualified_name"
            prefix, _, name = _read_text(name_child, source).rpartition(".")
            if name and name not in skip:
                out.append((name, "generic_arg" if generic else "type", qualified, prefix if qualified else ""))
        for sub in node.children:
            if sub.type == "type_argument_list":
                for arg in sub.children:
                    if arg.is_named:
                        _csharp_collect_type_refs(arg, source, True, out, skip)
        return
    if t in ("nullable_type", "array_type", "pointer_type", "ref_type"):
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _csharp_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out, skip)
        return
    if node.is_named:
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _csharp_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out, skip)


def _csharp_attribute_names(method_node, source: bytes) -> list[tuple[str, bool, str]]:
    """Collect attribute names from a C# method/declaration's attribute_list children."""
    names: list[tuple[str, bool, str]] = []
    skip = _csharp_type_parameters_in_scope(method_node, source)
    for child in method_node.children:
        if child.type != "attribute_list":
            continue
        for attr in child.children:
            if attr.type != "attribute":
                continue
            name_node = attr.child_by_field_name("name")
            if name_node is None:
                for sub in attr.children:
                    if sub.type in ("identifier", "qualified_name"):
                        name_node = sub
                        break
            if name_node is not None:
                qualified = name_node.type == "qualified_name"
                prefix, _, text = _read_text(name_node, source).rpartition(".")
                if text and text not in skip:
                    names.append((text, qualified, prefix if qualified else ""))
    return names


_JAVA_TYPE_PARAMETER_SCOPE_DECLARATIONS = frozenset({
    "class_declaration",
    "interface_declaration",
    "record_declaration",
    "method_declaration",
    "constructor_declaration",
})


def _java_type_parameters_in_scope(node, source: bytes) -> frozenset[str]:
    """Return Java type-parameter names visible from ``node``."""
    names: set[str] = set()
    scope = node
    while scope is not None:
        if scope.type in _JAVA_TYPE_PARAMETER_SCOPE_DECLARATIONS:
            params = scope.child_by_field_name("type_parameters")
            if params is not None:
                for param in params.children:
                    if param.type != "type_parameter":
                        continue
                    name_node = next(
                        (child for child in param.children if child.type == "type_identifier"),
                        None,
                    )
                    if name_node is not None:
                        names.add(_read_text(name_node, source))
        scope = scope.parent
    return frozenset(names)


# java.lang (auto-imported) plus the ubiquitous java.util / java.io / java.time /
# java.util.{stream,function,concurrent} / java.math / java.nio.file types that
# appear as field, parameter, return, and generic-argument annotations. They never
# resolve to a project node, so emitting `references` edges to them is pure noise
# (mirrors _GO_PREDECLARED_TYPES / _PYTHON_ANNOTATION_NOISE). Suppressed at the
# type-ref walker so they are never created as nodes or emitted as edges. The
# boxed-scalar/`void` primitives are already dropped by grammar node type above;
# these are the class/interface names the grammar reports as identifiers.
_JAVA_BUILTIN_TYPES = frozenset({
    # java.lang — core
    "Object", "String", "CharSequence", "StringBuilder", "StringBuffer",
    "Number", "Byte", "Short", "Integer", "Long", "Float", "Double",
    "Boolean", "Character", "Void", "Class", "Enum", "Record", "Math",
    "System", "Thread", "Runnable", "Comparable", "Iterable", "Cloneable",
    "AutoCloseable", "Appendable", "Readable", "Process", "ProcessBuilder",
    "Runtime", "Package", "ThreadLocal", "InheritableThreadLocal",
    # java.lang — throwables
    "Throwable", "Exception", "RuntimeException", "Error",
    "IllegalArgumentException", "IllegalStateException", "NullPointerException",
    "IndexOutOfBoundsException", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException",
    "ClassCastException", "NumberFormatException", "ArithmeticException",
    "UnsupportedOperationException", "InterruptedException",
    "CloneNotSupportedException", "SecurityException", "StackOverflowError",
    "OutOfMemoryError", "AssertionError",
    # java.util — collections & core
    "Collection", "List", "ArrayList", "LinkedList", "Vector", "Stack",
    "Set", "HashSet", "LinkedHashSet", "TreeSet", "SortedSet", "NavigableSet",
    "EnumSet", "Map", "HashMap", "LinkedHashMap", "TreeMap", "SortedMap",
    "NavigableMap", "Hashtable", "EnumMap", "Properties", "Queue", "Deque",
    "ArrayDeque", "PriorityQueue", "Iterator", "ListIterator", "Comparator",
    "Optional", "OptionalInt", "OptionalLong", "OptionalDouble", "Collections",
    "Arrays", "Objects", "Date", "Calendar", "Random", "UUID", "Scanner",
    "StringJoiner", "StringTokenizer", "BitSet", "Spliterator", "Locale",
    "NoSuchElementException", "ConcurrentModificationException",
    # java.util.stream
    "Stream", "IntStream", "LongStream", "DoubleStream", "Collector",
    "Collectors",
    # java.util.function
    "Function", "BiFunction", "Consumer", "BiConsumer", "Supplier",
    "Predicate", "BiPredicate", "UnaryOperator", "BinaryOperator",
    "IntFunction", "ToIntFunction", "ToLongFunction", "ToDoubleFunction",
    # java.util.concurrent
    "Callable", "Future", "CompletableFuture", "CompletionStage", "Executor",
    "ExecutorService", "Executors", "ScheduledExecutorService", "TimeUnit",
    "ConcurrentHashMap", "ConcurrentMap", "CopyOnWriteArrayList",
    "BlockingQueue", "CountDownLatch", "Semaphore", "CyclicBarrier",
    "AtomicInteger", "AtomicLong", "AtomicBoolean", "AtomicReference",
    # java.time
    "Instant", "Duration", "Period", "LocalDate", "LocalTime", "LocalDateTime",
    "ZonedDateTime", "OffsetDateTime", "ZoneId", "ZoneOffset", "DayOfWeek",
    "Month", "Year", "Clock", "DateTimeFormatter",
    # java.io / java.nio.file
    "IOException", "UncheckedIOException", "FileNotFoundException", "File",
    "InputStream", "OutputStream", "Reader", "Writer", "BufferedReader",
    "BufferedWriter", "InputStreamReader", "OutputStreamWriter", "FileReader",
    "FileWriter", "PrintStream", "PrintWriter", "ByteArrayInputStream",
    "ByteArrayOutputStream", "Serializable", "Closeable", "Path", "Paths",
    "Files",
    # java.math
    "BigDecimal", "BigInteger",
})


def _java_collect_type_refs(
    node,
    source: bytes,
    generic: bool,
    out: list[tuple[str, str]],
    skip: frozenset[str] | None = None,
) -> None:
    """Walk a Java type expression; append (name, role) tuples."""
    if node is None:
        return
    if skip is None:
        skip = _java_type_parameters_in_scope(node, source)
    t = node.type
    if t in ("integral_type", "floating_point_type", "boolean_type", "void_type"):
        return
    if t == "type_identifier":
        name = _read_text(node, source)
        if name and name not in skip and name not in _JAVA_BUILTIN_TYPES:
            out.append((name, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t == "scoped_type_identifier":
        text = _read_text(node, source).rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
        if text and text not in _JAVA_BUILTIN_TYPES:
            out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t == "generic_type":
        for c in node.children:
            if c.type in ("type_identifier", "scoped_type_identifier"):
                text = _read_text(c, source).rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
                if (
                    text
                    and text not in _JAVA_BUILTIN_TYPES
                    and (c.type == "scoped_type_identifier" or text not in skip)
                ):
                    out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
                break
        for c in node.children:
            if c.type == "type_arguments":
                for arg in c.children:
                    if arg.is_named:
                        _java_collect_type_refs(arg, source, True, out, skip)
        return
    if t == "array_type":
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _java_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out, skip)
        return
    if node.is_named:
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _java_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out, skip)


def _java_annotation_names(declaration_node, source: bytes) -> list[str]:
    """Collect annotation names from a Java declaration's `modifiers` child."""
    names: list[str] = []
    modifiers = None
    for child in declaration_node.children:
        if child.type == "modifiers":
            modifiers = child
            break
    if modifiers is None:
        return names
    for anno in modifiers.children:
        if anno.type not in ("marker_annotation", "annotation"):
            continue
        name_node = anno.child_by_field_name("name")
        if name_node is None:
            for sub in anno.children:
                if sub.type in ("identifier", "scoped_identifier", "type_identifier"):
                    name_node = sub
                    break
        if name_node is not None:
            text = _read_text(name_node, source).rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
            if text:
                names.append(text)
    return names


def _php_name_text(node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Return the unqualified name text from a PHP `name`/`qualified_name` node."""
    if node is None:
        return None
    return _read_text(node, source).rsplit("\\", 1)[-1] or None


def _php_collect_type_refs(node, source: bytes, generic: bool, out: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
    """Walk a PHP type expression; append (name, role) tuples."""
    if node is None:
        return
    t = node.type
    if t == "primitive_type":
        return
    if t == "named_type":
        for c in node.children:
            if c.type in ("name", "qualified_name"):
                text = _php_name_text(c, source)
                if text:
                    out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
                return
        return
    if t in ("name", "qualified_name"):
        text = _php_name_text(node, source)
        if text:
            out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t in ("nullable_type", "union_type", "intersection_type", "optional_type"):
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _php_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)
        return
    if node.is_named:
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _php_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)


def _php_method_return_type_node(method_node):
    """Return the named_type/primitive_type node sitting after formal_parameters."""
    saw_params = False
    for c in method_node.children:
        if c.type == "formal_parameters":
            saw_params = True
            continue
        if saw_params and c.is_named and c.type not in ("compound_statement",):
            if c.type in ("named_type", "primitive_type", "nullable_type",
                          "union_type", "intersection_type", "optional_type"):
                return c
    return None


def _kotlin_user_type_name(user_type_node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Return the head identifier text from a Kotlin user_type node (without generics)."""
    if user_type_node is None:
        return None
    for c in user_type_node.children:
        if c.type == "type_identifier":
            text = _read_text(c, source)
            return text or None
        if c.type == "identifier":
            text = _read_text(c, source)
            return text or None
        if c.type == "simple_user_type":
            for sub in c.children:
                if sub.type in ("identifier", "type_identifier"):
                    text = _read_text(sub, source)
                    return text or None
    return None


def _kotlin_collect_type_refs(node, source: bytes, generic: bool, out: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
    """Walk a Kotlin type expression; append (name, role) tuples."""
    if node is None:
        return
    t = node.type
    if t in ("integral_literal", "boolean_literal"):
        return
    if t == "user_type":
        for c in node.children:
            if c.type in ("identifier", "type_identifier"):
                text = _read_text(c, source)
                if text:
                    out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
                break
            if c.type == "simple_user_type":
                for sub in c.children:
                    if sub.type in ("identifier", "type_identifier"):
                        text = _read_text(sub, source)
                        if text:
                            out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
                        break
                break
        for c in node.children:
            if c.type == "type_arguments":
                for arg in c.children:
                    if arg.type == "type_projection":
                        for sub in arg.children:
                            if sub.is_named:
                                _kotlin_collect_type_refs(sub, source, True, out)
                    elif arg.is_named:
                        _kotlin_collect_type_refs(arg, source, True, out)
        return
    if t in ("identifier", "type_identifier"):
        text = _read_text(node, source)
        if text:
            out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t in ("nullable_type", "parenthesized_type", "type_reference"):
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _kotlin_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)
        return
    if node.is_named:
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _kotlin_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)


def _kotlin_property_type_node(property_node):
    """Find the user_type node within a Kotlin property_declaration."""
    for c in property_node.children:
        if c.type == "variable_declaration":
            for sub in c.children:
                if sub.type in ("user_type", "nullable_type", "type_reference"):
                    return sub
        if c.type in ("user_type", "nullable_type", "type_reference"):
            return c
    return None


def _kotlin_function_return_type_node(func_node):
    """Find the return-type node of a Kotlin function_declaration (the type after `: ` post-params)."""
    saw_params = False
    saw_colon = False
    for c in func_node.children:
        if c.type == "function_value_parameters":
            saw_params = True
            continue
        if saw_params and c.type == ":":
            saw_colon = True
            continue
        if saw_colon:
            if c.is_named:
                return c
    return None


def _swift_declaration_keyword(node) -> str | None:
    """Return the leading kind token for a Swift class_declaration: class/struct/enum/extension/actor."""
    for c in node.children:
        if not c.is_named and c.type in ("class", "struct", "enum", "extension", "actor"):
            return c.type
    return None


def _swift_pre_scan(root_node, source: bytes) -> tuple[set[str], set[str]]:
    """Pre-scan a Swift compilation unit and return (protocol_names, class_like_names)."""
    protocols: set[str] = set()
    classes: set[str] = set()
    stack = [root_node]
    while stack:
        n = stack.pop()
        if n.type == "protocol_declaration":
            name_node = n.child_by_field_name("name")
            if name_node is None:
                for c in n.children:
                    if c.type == "type_identifier":
                        name_node = c
                        break
            if name_node is not None:
                text = _read_text(name_node, source)
                if text:
                    protocols.add(text)
        elif n.type == "class_declaration":
            kw = _swift_declaration_keyword(n)
            if kw in ("class", "struct", "enum", "actor"):
                name_node = n.child_by_field_name("name")
                if name_node is not None:
                    text = _read_text(name_node, source)
                    if text:
                        classes.add(text)
        stack.extend(n.children)
    return protocols, classes


def _swift_classify_base(name: str, kind: str | None, is_first: bool,
                          protocols: set[str], classes: set[str]) -> str:
    """Classify a Swift inheritance_specifier entry as `inherits` or `implements`."""
    if name in protocols:
        return "implements"
    if name in classes:
        return "inherits"
    # struct/enum/extension/actor cannot inherit a class — all conformances are protocols.
    if kind in ("struct", "enum", "extension", "actor"):
        return "implements"
    # `class`: first entry is conventionally the base class; subsequent are protocols.
    return "inherits" if is_first else "implements"


def _swift_user_type_name(user_type_node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Return the head type_identifier text from a Swift user_type node (without generics)."""
    if user_type_node is None:
        return None
    for c in user_type_node.children:
        if c.type == "type_identifier":
            text = _read_text(c, source)
            return text or None
    return None


def _swift_collect_type_refs(node, source: bytes, generic: bool, out: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
    """Walk a Swift type expression; append (name, role) tuples (role 'type' or 'generic_arg')."""
    if node is None:
        return
    t = node.type
    if t == "type_annotation":
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _swift_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)
        return
    if t == "user_type":
        for c in node.children:
            if c.type == "type_identifier":
                text = _read_text(c, source)
                if text:
                    out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
                break
        for c in node.children:
            if c.type == "type_arguments":
                for arg in c.children:
                    if arg.is_named:
                        _swift_collect_type_refs(arg, source, True, out)
        return
    if t == "type_identifier":
        text = _read_text(node, source)
        if text:
            out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t in ("optional_type", "implicitly_unwrapped_optional_type", "array_type",
             "dictionary_type", "tuple_type"):
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _swift_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)
        return
    if node.is_named:
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _swift_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)


def _swift_property_type_node(property_node):
    """Return the type_annotation child of a Swift property_declaration, if any."""
    for c in property_node.children:
        if c.type == "type_annotation":
            return c
    return None


def _swift_property_name(property_node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Return the bound name of a Swift property (``let x``/``var x = ...``)."""
    for c in property_node.children:
        if c.type == "pattern":
            for sc in c.children:
                if sc.type == "simple_identifier":
                    return _read_text(sc, source)
        if c.type == "simple_identifier":
            return _read_text(c, source)
    return None


def _swift_constructor_type(call_node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """If a Swift call expression is a constructor (``Foo()``), return the type name.

    Only upper-cased callees are treated as types so a free-function call like
    ``configure()`` in an initializer is not mistaken for a constructor.
    """
    first = call_node.children[0] if call_node.children else None
    if first is not None and first.type == "simple_identifier":
        text = _read_text(first, source)
        if text and text[:1].isupper():
            return text
    return None


def _swift_receiver_name(recv_node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Return the depth-1 receiver name of a Swift member call (``recv.method()``).

    ``vm.update()`` -> ``vm``; ``Type.staticMethod()`` -> ``Type``;
    ``Singleton.shared.method()`` -> ``Singleton`` (head of the chain);
    ``self.svc.fetch()`` -> ``svc`` (the property the call is reached through).
    Returns None for anything deeper, so resolution stays depth-1.
    """
    if recv_node is None:
        return None
    if recv_node.type == "simple_identifier":
        return _read_text(recv_node, source)
    if recv_node.type == "navigation_expression":
        head = recv_node.children[0] if recv_node.children else None
        if head is not None and head.type == "simple_identifier":
            return _read_text(head, source)
        if head is not None and head.type == "self_expression":
            for child in recv_node.children:
                if child.type == "navigation_suffix":
                    for sc in child.children:
                        if sc.type == "simple_identifier":
                            return _read_text(sc, source)
    return None


# ── C / C++ type-ref helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────

_C_PRIMITIVE_TYPE_NODES = frozenset({
    "primitive_type", "sized_type_specifier", "auto", "placeholder_type_specifier",
})


def _c_collect_type_refs(node, source: bytes, generic: bool, out: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
    """Walk a C type expression; append (name, role) tuples for user-defined types.
    Skips primitive types and qualifiers; recognises type_identifier."""
    if node is None or node.type in _C_PRIMITIVE_TYPE_NODES:
        return
    t = node.type
    if t == "type_identifier":
        text = _read_text(node, source)
        if text:
            out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t in ("pointer_declarator", "reference_declarator", "array_declarator",
             "type_qualifier", "type_descriptor", "abstract_pointer_declarator",
             "abstract_reference_declarator", "abstract_array_declarator"):
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _c_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)


def _cpp_collect_type_refs(node, source: bytes, generic: bool, out: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
    """Walk a C++ type expression; append (name, role) tuples.
    Resolves qualified_identifier tails (std::string → string) and template_type
    base + arguments (std::vector<HttpClient> → vector + HttpClient as generic_arg)."""
    if node is None or node.type in _C_PRIMITIVE_TYPE_NODES:
        return
    t = node.type
    if t == "type_identifier":
        text = _read_text(node, source)
        if text:
            out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t == "qualified_identifier":
        name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
        if name_node is not None:
            _cpp_collect_type_refs(name_node, source, generic, out)
        return
    if t == "template_type":
        name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
        if name_node is not None:
            text = _read_text(name_node, source)
            if text:
                out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        args_node = node.child_by_field_name("arguments")
        if args_node is not None:
            for c in args_node.children:
                if c.is_named:
                    _cpp_collect_type_refs(c, source, True, out)
        return
    if t in ("type_descriptor", "pointer_declarator", "reference_declarator",
             "array_declarator", "type_qualifier", "abstract_pointer_declarator",
             "abstract_reference_declarator", "abstract_array_declarator"):
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _cpp_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)


# ── Scala type-ref helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────

def _scala_collect_type_refs(node, source: bytes, generic: bool, out: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
    """Walk a Scala type expression; append (name, role) tuples.
    Handles type_identifier, generic_type (List[T]), and common type wrappers."""
    if node is None:
        return
    t = node.type
    if t == "type_identifier":
        text = _read_text(node, source)
        if text:
            out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        return
    if t == "generic_type":
        base = node.child_by_field_name("type")
        if base is None:
            for c in node.children:
                if c.type == "type_identifier":
                    base = c
                    break
        if base is not None and base.type == "type_identifier":
            text = _read_text(base, source)
            if text:
                out.append((text, "generic_arg" if generic else "type"))
        for c in node.children:
            if c.type == "type_arguments":
                for arg in c.children:
                    if arg.is_named:
                        _scala_collect_type_refs(arg, source, True, out)
        return
    if t in ("compound_type", "infix_type", "function_type", "tuple_type",
             "annotated_type", "projected_type"):
        for c in node.children:
            if c.is_named:
                _scala_collect_type_refs(c, source, generic, out)


def _python_collect_param_refs(params_node, source: bytes) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
    """Collect type refs from each typed parameter under a `parameters` node."""
    out: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
    if params_node is None:
        return out
    for child in params_node.children:
        if child.type in ("typed_parameter", "typed_default_parameter"):
            type_node = child.child_by_field_name("type")
            _python_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, out)
    return out


def _python_param_names(params_node, source: bytes) -> set[str]:
    """Plain parameter identifiers declared on a Python `parameters` node.

    Covers positional/keyword params plus `*args` / `**kwargs` and typed or
    default forms — anything that binds a local name the function body can shadow
    a module-level definition with.
    """
    out: set[str] = set()
    if params_node is None:
        return out
    for child in params_node.children:
        if child.type == "identifier":
            out.add(_read_text(child, source))
        elif child.type in (
            "typed_parameter",
            "default_parameter",
            "typed_default_parameter",
            "list_splat_pattern",
            "dictionary_splat_pattern",
        ):
            # The bound name is the first identifier child (the rest is type/default).
            name_n = child.child_by_field_name("name")
            if name_n is None:
                name_n = next(
                    (c for c in child.children if c.type == "identifier"), None
                )
            if name_n is not None:
                out.add(_read_text(name_n, source))
    return out


def _python_collect_assignment_targets(node, source: bytes, out: set[str]) -> None:
    """Identifiers bound as `pattern` targets under a Python AST subtree.

    Recurses through `pattern_list` / `tuple_pattern` / `list_pattern` so tuple
    unpacking (`a, b = ...`, `for a, b in ...`) contributes every bound name.
    """
    if node is None:
        return
    if node.type == "identifier":
        out.add(_read_text(node, source))
        return
    if node.type in ("pattern_list", "tuple_pattern", "list_pattern"):
        for c in node.children:
            _python_collect_assignment_targets(c, source, out)


def _python_local_bound_names(func_def_node, source: bytes) -> set[str]:
    """Names bound LOCALLY inside a Python function: parameters plus assignment,
    `for`, `with ... as`, and comprehension targets.

    Used by the indirect-dispatch guard to reject a call-argument identifier that
    is a parameter or a local binding — it names a local value, not the module-
    level function/class that happens to share the name. Nested `function_definition`
    and `class_definition` subtrees are NOT descended into: their bindings belong
    to a different scope.
    """
    bound: set[str] = set()
    bound |= _python_param_names(func_def_node.child_by_field_name("parameters"), source)

    def walk(n) -> None:
        for child in n.children:
            t = child.type
            if t in ("function_definition", "class_definition", "lambda"):
                continue  # inner scope — its bindings are not this function's locals
            if t == "assignment":
                _python_collect_assignment_targets(
                    child.child_by_field_name("left"), source, bound
                )
            elif t in ("for_statement", "for_in_clause"):
                _python_collect_assignment_targets(
                    child.child_by_field_name("left"), source, bound
                )
            elif t == "with_statement":
                for item in child.children:
                    if item.type == "with_clause":
                        for wi in item.children:
                            if wi.type == "with_item":
                                alias = wi.child_by_field_name("alias")
                                _python_collect_assignment_targets(alias, source, bound)
            elif t == "named_expression":  # walrus :=
                _python_collect_assignment_targets(
                    child.child_by_field_name("name"), source, bound
                )
            walk(child)

    body = func_def_node.child_by_field_name("body")
    if body is not None:
        walk(body)
    return bound


def _python_module_bound_names(root, source: bytes) -> set[str]:
    """Names rebound by assignment at MODULE scope (top-level `x = ...`, `for`, walrus).

    The module-scope analogue of the per-function shadow set: a dispatch-table value
    whose name is reassigned to data at module level (`handler = build()`) names that
    value, not a same-named function, so it must not manufacture an indirect edge.
    Function and class bodies are not descended into — their bindings are local.
    """
    bound: set[str] = set()

    def walk(n) -> None:
        for child in n.children:
            t = child.type
            if t in ("function_definition", "class_definition", "lambda"):
                continue  # inner scope — not a module-level binding
            if t == "assignment":
                _python_collect_assignment_targets(
                    child.child_by_field_name("left"), source, bound
                )
            elif t in ("for_statement", "for_in_clause"):
                _python_collect_assignment_targets(
                    child.child_by_field_name("left"), source, bound
                )
            elif t == "named_expression":  # walrus :=
                _python_collect_assignment_targets(
                    child.child_by_field_name("name"), source, bound
                )
            walk(child)

    walk(root)
    return bound


_JS_SCOPE_BOUNDARY = frozenset({
    "function_declaration", "function_expression", "function", "arrow_function",
    "method_definition", "class_declaration", "class", "generator_function",
    "generator_function_declaration",
})


def _js_collect_pattern_idents(node, source: bytes, bound: set) -> None:
    """Collect binding identifier names from a JS/TS pattern (a parameter, or a
    declarator LHS). Recurses through destructuring (object/array patterns, rest)
    but never into the default-value side of `x = default` or a type annotation,
    so only names actually bound by the pattern are collected."""
    t = node.type
    if t in ("identifier", "shorthand_property_identifier_pattern"):
        bound.add(_read_text(node, source))
        return
    if t == "type_annotation":
        return  # `(h: Handler)` — Handler is a type, not a bound name
    if t == "assignment_pattern":  # `x = default` — only x is bound
        left = node.child_by_field_name("left")
        if left is not None:
            _js_collect_pattern_idents(left, source, bound)
        return
    if t == "pair_pattern":  # `{ a: localName }` — localName is bound
        val = node.child_by_field_name("value")
        if val is not None:
            _js_collect_pattern_idents(val, source, bound)
        return
    for c in node.children:
        if c.is_named:
            _js_collect_pattern_idents(c, source, bound)


def _js_local_bound_names(func_node, source: bytes) -> set[str]:
    """Names bound locally inside a JS/TS function: parameters plus `const`/`let`/
    `var` declarator targets. Mirrors `_python_local_bound_names`: an argument that
    is a parameter or local binding names a local value, not a same-named module
    function, so it must not manufacture an indirect_call edge. Nested function and
    class scopes are not descended into."""
    bound: set[str] = set()
    params = func_node.child_by_field_name("parameters")
    if params is not None:
        _js_collect_pattern_idents(params, source, bound)

    def walk(n) -> None:
        for c in n.children:
            if c.type in _JS_SCOPE_BOUNDARY:
                continue  # inner scope — its bindings are not this function's locals
            if c.type == "variable_declarator":
                name = c.child_by_field_name("name")
                if name is not None:
                    _js_collect_pattern_idents(name, source, bound)
            walk(c)

    body = func_node.child_by_field_name("body")
    if body is not None:
        walk(body)
    return bound


def _js_module_bound_names(root, source: bytes) -> set[str]:
    """Module-scope names rebound to NON-function data (`const X = {...}`, `let y = 5`).

    The JS/TS module-scope shadow set. Unlike the per-function set, a declarator
    whose value is itself a function (`const cb = () => {}`) is EXCLUDED: that name
    IS a callable we want dispatch tables to resolve to, not a data shadow.
    """
    bound: set[str] = set()

    def walk(n) -> None:
        for c in n.children:
            if c.type in _JS_SCOPE_BOUNDARY:
                continue
            if c.type == "variable_declarator":
                value = c.child_by_field_name("value")
                if value is None or value.type not in _JS_FUNCTION_VALUE_TYPES:
                    name = c.child_by_field_name("name")
                    if name is not None:
                        _js_collect_pattern_idents(name, source, bound)
            walk(c)

    walk(root)
    return bound


def _js_dispatch_value_idents(coll_node):
    """Yield identifier value-nodes of a JS/TS object/array literal that are
    function-reference candidates: object property VALUES and shorthand properties
    (`{ handler }`), and array elements. Keys and inline methods are not references."""
    if coll_node.type == "object":
        for c in coll_node.children:
            if c.type == "pair":
                val = c.child_by_field_name("value")
                if val is not None and val.type == "identifier":
                    yield val
            elif c.type == "shorthand_property_identifier":
                yield c
    else:  # array
        for el in coll_node.children:
            if el.type == "identifier":
                yield el


def _resolve_name(node, source: bytes, config: LanguageConfig) -> str | None:
    """Get the name from a node using config.name_field, falling back to child types."""
    if config.resolve_function_name_fn is not None:
        # For C/C++ where the name is inside a declarator
        return None  # caller handles this separately
    n = node.child_by_field_name(config.name_field)
    if n:
        return _read_text(n, source)
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type in config.name_fallback_child_types:
            return _read_text(child, source)
    return None


def _find_body(node, config: LanguageConfig):
    """Find the body node using config.body_field, falling back to child types."""
    b = node.child_by_field_name(config.body_field)
    if b:
        return b
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type in config.body_fallback_child_types:
            return child
    return None


# ── Import handlers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def _import_python(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    t = node.type
    if t == "import_statement":
        for child in node.children:
            if child.type in ("dotted_name", "aliased_import"):
                raw = _read_text(child, source)
                module_name = raw.split(" as ")[0].strip().lstrip(".")
                tgt_nid = _make_id(module_name)
                edges.append({
                    "source": file_nid,
                    "target": tgt_nid,
                    "relation": "imports",
                    "context": "import",
                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str_path,
                    "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                    "weight": 1.0,
                })
    elif t == "import_from_statement":
        module_node = node.child_by_field_name("module_name")
        if module_node:
            raw = _read_text(module_node, source)
            if raw.startswith("."):
                # Relative import - resolve to full path so IDs match file node IDs
                dots = len(raw) - len(raw.lstrip("."))
                module_name = raw.lstrip(".")
                base = Path(str_path).parent
                for _ in range(dots - 1):
                    base = base.parent
                rel = (module_name.replace(".", "/") + ".py") if module_name else "__init__.py"
                tgt_nid = _make_id(str(base / rel))
            else:
                tgt_nid = _make_id(raw)
            edges.append({
                "source": file_nid,
                "target": tgt_nid,
                "relation": "imports_from",
                "context": "import",
                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                "weight": 1.0,
            })


def _import_js(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    is_reexport = node.type == "export_statement"
    # Only handle export_statement if it has a `from` clause (re-export).
    # Pure exports like `export const x = 1` or `export { localVar }` have no source module.
    if is_reexport:
        has_from = any(child.type == "from" or (_read_text(child, source) == "from") for child in node.children if child.type in ("from", "identifier"))
        if not has_from:
            # Check for string child (source path) as a more reliable indicator
            has_from = any(child.type == "string" for child in node.children)
            if not has_from:
                return

    resolved_path: "Path | None" = None
    module_string = None
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type == "string":
            module_string = child
            break
        if child.type == "import_require_clause":
            # TS import-equals form: `import x = require("./m")`. The module
            # string sits inside the clause, not on the import_statement
            # itself, so the direct-child scan above never sees it.
            module_string = next(
                (sub for sub in child.children if sub.type == "string"), None
            )
            break
    if module_string is not None:
        raw = _read_text(module_string, source).strip("'\"` ")
        resolved = _resolve_js_import_target(raw, str_path)
        if resolved is not None:
            tgt_nid, resolved_path = resolved
            edges.append({
                "source": file_nid,
                "target": tgt_nid,
                "relation": "imports_from",
                "context": "re-export" if is_reexport else "import",
                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                "weight": 1.0,
            })

    # Emit symbol-level edges for named imports/re-exports from local/aliased files.
    # e.g. `import { Foo, type Bar } from './bar'` → file → Foo, file → Bar (EXTRACTED)
    # e.g. `export { Foo } from './bar'` → file → Foo (re_exports edge)
    # Uses the same _make_id(target_stem, name) key that _extract_generic emits when
    # defining the symbol, so these edges wire importers directly to existing symbol nodes.
    if resolved_path is not None:
        target_stem = _file_stem(resolved_path)
        line = node.start_point[0] + 1

        if is_reexport:
            # Handle: export { foo, bar } from './module'
            #         export { default as baz } from './module'
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "export_clause":
                    for spec in child.children:
                        if spec.type == "export_specifier":
                            # The exported name is the local name from the source module
                            name_node = spec.child_by_field_name("name")
                            if name_node:
                                sym = _read_text(name_node, source)
                                if sym == "default":
                                    continue  # skip default re-exports for ID matching
                                edges.append({
                                    "source": file_nid,
                                    "target": _make_id(target_stem, sym),
                                    "relation": "re_exports",
                                    "context": "re-export",
                                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                                    "source_file": str_path,
                                    "source_location": f"L{line}",
                                    "weight": 1.0,
                                })
        else:
            # Handle: import { Foo, type Bar } from './bar'
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "import_clause":
                    for sub in child.children:
                        if sub.type == "named_imports":
                            for spec in sub.children:
                                if spec.type == "import_specifier":
                                    name_node = spec.child_by_field_name("name")
                                    if name_node:
                                        sym = _read_text(name_node, source)
                                        edges.append({
                                            "source": file_nid,
                                            "target": _make_id(target_stem, sym),
                                            "relation": "imports",
                                            "context": "import",
                                            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                                            "source_file": str_path,
                                            "source_location": f"L{line}",
                                            "weight": 1.0,
                                        })


def _dynamic_import_js(node, source: bytes, caller_nid: str, str_path: str, edges: list,
                       seen_dyn_pairs: set) -> bool:
    """Detect dynamic import() calls in JS/TS and emit imports_from edges.

    Handles patterns like:
      await import('./foo.js')
      import('./foo.js').then(...)
      const m = await import(`./foo`)

    Returns True if the node was a dynamic import (caller should skip normal call handling).
    """
    # Dynamic import is a call_expression whose function child is the keyword "import".
    # tree-sitter-typescript parses `import('...')` as call_expression with first child
    # being an "import" token (type="import").
    func_node = node.child_by_field_name("function")
    if func_node is None:
        # Fallback: check first child directly (some TS versions)
        if node.children and _read_text(node.children[0], source) == "import":
            func_node = node.children[0]
        else:
            return False
    if _read_text(func_node, source) != "import":
        return False

    # Extract the module path from the arguments
    args = node.child_by_field_name("arguments")
    if args is None:
        return True  # It's an import() but no args — skip
    for arg in args.children:
        if arg.type == "template_string":
            # Skip dynamic template literals — path can't be statically resolved
            if any(c.type == "template_substitution" for c in arg.children):
                break
            raw = _read_text(arg, source).strip("`")
        elif arg.type == "string":
            raw = _read_text(arg, source).strip("'\" ")
        else:
            continue
        if not raw:
            break
        # Resolve path using the same logic as static imports.
        resolved = _resolve_js_import_target(raw, str_path)
        if resolved is None:
            break
        tgt_nid, _ = resolved
        pair = (caller_nid, tgt_nid)
        if pair not in seen_dyn_pairs:
            seen_dyn_pairs.add(pair)
            edges.append({
                "source": caller_nid,
                "target": tgt_nid,
                # A deferred `import(...)` is a real dependency, so keep it as an
                # `imports_from` edge (visible in the graph) but mark it `deferred`
                # so find_import_cycles does not treat it as a static import and
                # report a phantom file cycle (#1241).
                "relation": "imports_from",
                "context": "import",
                "deferred": True,
                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                "weight": 1.0,
            })
        break
    return True


def _import_java(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    def _walk_scoped(n) -> str:
        parts: list[str] = []
        cur = n
        while cur:
            if cur.type == "scoped_identifier":
                name_node = cur.child_by_field_name("name")
                if name_node:
                    parts.append(_read_text(name_node, source))
                cur = cur.child_by_field_name("scope")
            elif cur.type == "identifier":
                parts.append(_read_text(cur, source))
                break
            else:
                break
        parts.reverse()
        return ".".join(parts)

    for child in node.children:
        if child.type in ("scoped_identifier", "identifier"):
            path_str = _walk_scoped(child)
            module_name = path_str.split(".")[-1].strip("*").strip(".") or (
                path_str.split(".")[-2] if len(path_str.split(".")) > 1 else path_str
            )
            if module_name:
                tgt_nid = _make_id(module_name)
                edges.append({
                    "source": file_nid,
                    "target": tgt_nid,
                    "relation": "imports",
                    "context": "import",
                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str_path,
                    "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                    "weight": 1.0,
                })
            break


def _import_c(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type in ("string_literal", "system_lib_string", "string"):
            raw = _read_text(child, source).strip('"<> ')
            # Quoted includes: try to resolve to a real file so the target ID
            # matches the node ID _extract_generic creates for that file.
            if child.type != "system_lib_string":
                resolved = _resolve_c_include_path(raw, str_path)
                if resolved is not None:
                    tgt_nid = _make_id(str(resolved))
                    edges.append({
                        "source": file_nid,
                        "target": tgt_nid,
                        "relation": "imports",
                        "context": "import",
                        "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                        "source_file": str_path,
                        "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                        "weight": 1.0,
                    })
                    break
            module_name = raw.split("/")[-1].split(".")[0]
            if module_name:
                tgt_nid = _make_id(module_name)
                edges.append({
                    "source": file_nid,
                    "target": tgt_nid,
                    "relation": "imports",
                    "context": "import",
                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str_path,
                    "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                    "weight": 1.0,
                })
            break


def _import_csharp(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    text = _read_text(node, source).strip().rstrip(";")
    if text.startswith("global "):
        text = text[len("global "):].strip()
    if not text.startswith("using"):
        return
    body = text[len("using"):].strip()
    using_kind, alias, target_fqn = "namespace", None, body
    if body.startswith("static "):
        using_kind, target_fqn = "static", body[len("static "):].strip()
    elif "=" in body:
        lhs, rhs = body.split("=", 1)
        using_kind, alias, target_fqn = "alias", lhs.strip(), rhs.strip()
    if not target_fqn:
        return
    edges.append({
        "source": file_nid,
        "target": _make_id(target_fqn),
        "relation": "imports",
        "context": "import",
        "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
        "source_file": str_path,
        "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
        "weight": 1.0,
        "metadata": sanitize_metadata({k: v for k, v in
            {"using_kind": using_kind, "alias": alias, "target_fqn": target_fqn,
             "scope_kind": "namespace" if scope_stack else "file",
             "scope_id": scope_stack[-1] if scope_stack else None}.items() if v is not None}),
    })


def _import_kotlin(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    path_node = node.child_by_field_name("path")
    if path_node:
        raw = _read_text(path_node, source)
        module_name = raw.split(".")[-1].strip()
        if module_name:
            tgt_nid = _make_id(module_name)
            edges.append({
                "source": file_nid,
                "target": tgt_nid,
                "relation": "imports",
                "context": "import",
                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                "weight": 1.0,
            })
        return
    # Fallback: find identifier child
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type == "identifier":
            raw = _read_text(child, source)
            tgt_nid = _make_id(raw)
            edges.append({
                "source": file_nid,
                "target": tgt_nid,
                "relation": "imports",
                "context": "import",
                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                "weight": 1.0,
            })
            break


def _import_scala(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type in ("stable_id", "identifier"):
            raw = _read_text(child, source)
            module_name = raw.split(".")[-1].strip("{} ")
            if module_name and module_name != "_":
                tgt_nid = _make_id(module_name)
                edges.append({
                    "source": file_nid,
                    "target": tgt_nid,
                    "relation": "imports",
                    "context": "import",
                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str_path,
                    "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                    "weight": 1.0,
                })
            break


def _import_php(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type in ("qualified_name", "name", "identifier"):
            raw = _read_text(child, source)
            module_name = raw.split("\\")[-1].strip()
            if module_name:
                tgt_nid = _make_id(module_name)
                edges.append({
                    "source": file_nid,
                    "target": tgt_nid,
                    "relation": "imports",
                    "context": "import",
                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str_path,
                    "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                    "weight": 1.0,
                })
            break


# ── C/C++ function name helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────

def _get_c_func_name(node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Recursively unwrap declarator to find the innermost identifier (C)."""
    if node.type == "identifier":
        return _read_text(node, source)
    decl = node.child_by_field_name("declarator")
    if decl:
        return _get_c_func_name(decl, source)
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type == "identifier":
            return _read_text(child, source)
    return None


def _get_cpp_func_name(node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Recursively unwrap declarator to find the innermost identifier (C++)."""
    if node.type == "identifier":
        return _read_text(node, source)
    if node.type in ("field_identifier", "destructor_name", "operator_name"):
        return _read_text(node, source)
    if node.type == "qualified_identifier":
        # An out-of-class DEFINITION (`void Foo::bar() {}`) carries a
        # qualified_identifier declarator. Retaining the `Foo::` qualifier makes
        # _make_id(stem, "Foo::bar") normalize to the same id as the in-class
        # member _make_id(class_nid, "bar"), so the decl in Foo.h and the def in
        # Foo.cpp resolve to ONE method node instead of two (#1547). The full
        # qualified text also handles nested scopes (`A::B::bar`). Free functions
        # never have a qualified_identifier here, so their bare-name ids are
        # unchanged; only qualified definitions shift onto their owning class.
        return _read_text(node, source)
    decl = node.child_by_field_name("declarator")
    if decl:
        return _get_cpp_func_name(decl, source)
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type == "identifier":
            return _read_text(child, source)
    return None


def _cpp_declarator_name(node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Return the bare variable name from a C++ declaration declarator, unwrapping
    pointer/reference/init wrappers (``*f``, ``&r``, ``f = Foo()``). Returns None
    for anything that isn't a plain named local (arrays, function pointers,
    structured bindings) so the type table never records a guessed receiver."""
    t = node.type
    if t == "identifier":
        return _read_text(node, source)
    if t in ("pointer_declarator", "reference_declarator", "init_declarator"):
        inner = node.child_by_field_name("declarator")
        if inner is None:
            for c in node.children:
                if c.type in ("identifier", "pointer_declarator",
                              "reference_declarator"):
                    inner = c
                    break
        if inner is not None:
            return _cpp_declarator_name(inner, source)
    return None


def _cpp_local_var_types(body_node, source: bytes, table: dict[str, str]) -> None:
    """Collect ``var -> ClassName`` from local variable declarations in a C++
    function body, for receiver-type inference in the cross-file member-call pass
    (#1547). Handles ``Foo f;``, ``Foo* f;``, ``Foo *f = ...;``, ``Foo f = Foo();``.

    Only a class-like (``type_identifier``/``qualified_identifier``) type with a
    single named declarator is recorded — PRECISION over recall: a built-in type
    (``int x``), an ambiguous multi-declarator line, or an un-nameable declarator
    contributes nothing rather than a guess. A qualified type ``ns::Foo`` records
    its simple tail ``Foo`` so it keys to the type's definition node label.
    """
    stack = [body_node]
    while stack:
        n = stack.pop()
        if n.type in ("function_definition", "lambda_expression"):
            # Don't descend into a nested function/lambda: its locals are scoped
            # away and would pollute this body's table.
            if n is not body_node:
                continue
        if n.type == "declaration":
            type_node = n.child_by_field_name("type")
            if type_node is not None and type_node.type in (
                "type_identifier", "qualified_identifier"
            ):
                type_name = _read_text(type_node, source).split("::")[-1].strip()
                declarators = [
                    c for c in n.children
                    if c.type in ("identifier", "pointer_declarator",
                                  "reference_declarator", "init_declarator")
                ]
                # A single declarator only: `Foo a, b;` is ambiguous to attribute
                # to one receiver name cleanly, so skip multi-declarator lines.
                if type_name and type_name[:1].isupper() and len(declarators) == 1:
                    var = _cpp_declarator_name(declarators[0], source)
                    if var and var not in table:
                        table[var] = type_name
        for c in n.children:
            stack.append(c)


def _swift_local_var_types(body_node, source: bytes, table: dict[str, str]) -> None:
    """Collect ``var -> Type`` from local ``let``/``var`` bindings in a Swift
    function body, so a member call on the local (``x.method()``) resolves to Type
    in the cross-file member-call pass (#1604).

    Two initializer shapes are recorded, PRECISION over recall:
      - a constructor call ``let x = Type()`` (``_swift_constructor_type``);
      - a static-member access ``let x = Type.shared`` (a navigation_expression
        with an upper-cased head) — the singleton-cached-into-a-local idiom, one
        of the most common Swift call patterns and previously resolved to nothing.
    Nested function declarations are not descended into (their locals are scoped
    away); the first binding for a name wins, so a class property of the same name
    already in the table is not overwritten.
    """
    stack = [body_node]
    while stack:
        n = stack.pop()
        if n.type == "function_declaration" and n is not body_node:
            continue
        if n.type == "property_declaration":
            prop_type: str | None = None
            for child in n.children:
                if child.type == "call_expression":
                    prop_type = _swift_constructor_type(child, source)
                    break
                if child.type == "navigation_expression":
                    head = child.children[0] if child.children else None
                    if head is not None and head.type == "simple_identifier":
                        htext = _read_text(head, source)
                        if htext and htext[:1].isupper():
                            prop_type = htext
                    break
            name = _swift_property_name(n, source)
            if name and prop_type and name not in table:
                table[name] = prop_type
        for c in n.children:
            stack.append(c)


def _csharp_member_type_table(root, source: bytes) -> dict[str, str]:
    """Collect ``name -> TypeName`` for C# receiver typing (#1609): class fields,
    properties, method parameters, and local variable declarations.

    File-scoped, first-binding-wins (like the C++ table): a field declared once at
    class scope is visible to every method's `field.Method()`, and a param/local
    shadowing the same name is a conservative approximation graphify already accepts
    for receiver typing. Only a resolvable, non-`var` type name is recorded; `var`
    without a `new T()` initializer, and predefined/lower-cased primitives, are
    skipped (precision over recall — an untypable receiver is left for the resolver
    to drop rather than guess). `var v = new T()` is typed from the object-creation.
    """
    table: dict[str, str] = {}

    def _typed(type_node) -> str | None:
        info = _read_csharp_type_name(type_node, source)
        if not info:
            return None
        name = info[0]
        # A genuine C# class name is Pascal-cased; skip predefined primitives
        # (int/bool/string) which never own a resolvable method definition here.
        return name if name and name[:1].isupper() else None

    def _decl_names(var_decl):
        for c in var_decl.children:
            if c.type == "variable_declarator":
                nm = c.child_by_field_name("name") or next(
                    (g for g in c.children if g.type == "identifier"), None)
                if nm is not None:
                    yield _read_text(nm, source), c

    def _new_type(declarator) -> str | None:
        # `var v = new Server()` — recover the type from the object_creation_expression.
        for g in declarator.children:
            if g.type == "object_creation_expression":
                return _typed(g.child_by_field_name("type"))
        return None

    stack = [root]
    while stack:
        n = stack.pop()
        t = n.type
        if t in ("field_declaration", "local_declaration_statement"):
            vd = next((c for c in n.children if c.type == "variable_declaration"), None)
            if vd is not None:
                type_node = vd.child_by_field_name("type")
                declared = _typed(type_node)
                for name, decl in _decl_names(vd):
                    resolved = declared or _new_type(decl)
                    if name and resolved and name not in table:
                        table[name] = resolved
        elif t == "property_declaration":
            nm = n.child_by_field_name("name")
            resolved = _typed(n.child_by_field_name("type"))
            if nm is not None and resolved:
                pname = _read_text(nm, source)
                if pname not in table:
                    table[pname] = resolved
        elif t == "parameter":
            nm = n.child_by_field_name("name")
            resolved = _typed(n.child_by_field_name("type"))
            if nm is not None and resolved:
                pname = _read_text(nm, source)
                if pname not in table:
                    table[pname] = resolved
        for c in n.children:
            stack.append(c)
    return table


def _ts_receiver_type_table(root, source: bytes, table: dict[str, str]) -> None:
    """Add TS/JS receiver bindings to ``table`` (name -> TypeName), for member-call
    resolution beyond the constructor-injected `this.field` case (#1630):

      * local ``const/let/var x = new Foo()`` -> ``x: Foo`` (Pattern A);
      * a type-annotated parameter ``(svc: Svc)`` -> ``svc: Svc`` (Pattern B), so a
        call on the param — including inside a returned closure — resolves.

    File-scoped, first-binding-wins (merged into the constructor-injection table,
    which is populated first and therefore wins on a name clash). Only a bare
    ``type_identifier`` (a single class/interface name) is recorded — an array,
    union, generic, qualified, or predefined type is skipped (precision over
    recall, matching the receiver-typed resolvers for Swift/C#/C++)."""
    def _bare_type_ident(type_annotation):
        # type_annotation -> ": T"; accept only a single type_identifier child.
        idents = [c for c in type_annotation.children if c.type == "type_identifier"]
        others = [c for c in type_annotation.children
                  if c.is_named and c.type not in ("type_identifier",)]
        if len(idents) == 1 and not others:
            return _read_text(idents[0], source)
        return None

    stack = [root]
    while stack:
        n = stack.pop()
        t = n.type
        if t == "variable_declarator":
            name_n = n.child_by_field_name("name")
            value = n.child_by_field_name("value")
            if (name_n is not None and name_n.type == "identifier"
                    and value is not None and value.type == "new_expression"):
                ctor = value.child_by_field_name("constructor")
                if ctor is not None and ctor.type in ("identifier", "type_identifier"):
                    name = _read_text(name_n, source)
                    tname = _read_text(ctor, source)
                    if name and tname and name not in table:
                        table[name] = tname
        elif t == "required_parameter" or t == "optional_parameter":
            pat = n.child_by_field_name("pattern")
            ann = n.child_by_field_name("type")
            if pat is not None and pat.type == "identifier" and ann is not None:
                tname = _bare_type_ident(ann)
                name = _read_text(pat, source)
                if name and tname and name not in table:
                    table[name] = tname
        for c in n.children:
            stack.append(c)


def _objc_local_var_types(body_node, source: bytes, table: dict[str, str]) -> None:
    """Collect ``var -> ClassName`` from ObjC local declarations (``Foo *f = ...;``)
    in a method body, for receiver typing in the cross-file message-send pass
    (#1556). Only a capitalized ``type_identifier`` with a single named declarator
    is recorded; a built-in/lower-cased type or an un-nameable declarator is skipped
    (precision over recall). Reuses the C++ declarator unwrapper (identical grammar).
    """
    stack = [body_node]
    while stack:
        n = stack.pop()
        if n.type == "method_definition" and n is not body_node:
            continue
        if n.type == "declaration":
            type_node = n.child_by_field_name("type")
            if type_node is None:
                for c in n.children:
                    if c.type == "type_identifier":
                        type_node = c
                        break
            if type_node is not None and type_node.type == "type_identifier":
                type_name = _read_text(type_node, source).strip()
                declarators = [
                    c for c in n.children
                    if c.type in ("identifier", "pointer_declarator", "init_declarator")
                ]
                if type_name and type_name[:1].isupper() and len(declarators) == 1:
                    var = _cpp_declarator_name(declarators[0], source)
                    if var and var not in table:
                        table[var] = type_name
        for c in n.children:
            stack.append(c)


# ── JS/TS extra walk for arrow functions ──────────────────────────────────────

def _find_require_call(value_node):
    """Return the call_expression node if `value_node` is a `require(...)` call
    or `require(...).x` member access. Otherwise None."""
    if value_node is None:
        return None
    if value_node.type == "call_expression":
        fn = value_node.child_by_field_name("function")
        if fn is not None and fn.type == "identifier":
            return value_node
    if value_node.type == "member_expression":
        obj = value_node.child_by_field_name("object")
        return _find_require_call(obj)
    return None


def _require_imports_js(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str) -> bool:
    """Detect CommonJS require imports inside lexical_declaration / variable_declaration.

    Handles three patterns:
      const { foo, bar } = require('./mod')   → file → mod (imports_from), file → foo, file → bar
      const mod         = require('./mod')   → file → mod (imports_from)
      const x           = require('./mod').y → file → mod (imports_from), file → y

    Returns True if any require import was found.
    """
    if node.type not in ("lexical_declaration", "variable_declaration"):
        return False
    found = False
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type != "variable_declarator":
            continue
        value = child.child_by_field_name("value")
        call = _find_require_call(value)
        if call is None:
            continue
        fn = call.child_by_field_name("function")
        if fn is None or _read_text(fn, source) != "require":
            continue
        args = call.child_by_field_name("arguments")
        if args is None:
            continue
        raw = None
        for arg in args.children:
            if arg.type == "string":
                raw = _read_text(arg, source).strip("'\"` ")
                break
        if not raw:
            continue
        resolved = _resolve_js_import_target(raw, str_path)
        if resolved is None:
            continue
        tgt_nid, resolved_path = resolved
        line = node.start_point[0] + 1
        edges.append({
            "source": file_nid,
            "target": tgt_nid,
            "relation": "imports_from",
            "context": "import",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
            "weight": 1.0,
        })
        found = True

        # Symbol-level edges for destructured / accessor binders.
        target_stem = _file_stem(resolved_path) if resolved_path is not None else None
        name_node = child.child_by_field_name("name")
        sym_names: list[str] = []
        if name_node is not None and name_node.type == "object_pattern":
            # `const { a, b: alias } = require('./m')` — emit edges for each property key
            for prop in name_node.children:
                if prop.type == "shorthand_property_identifier_pattern":
                    sym_names.append(_read_text(prop, source))
                elif prop.type == "pair_pattern":
                    key = prop.child_by_field_name("key")
                    if key is not None:
                        sym_names.append(_read_text(key, source))
        elif value is not None and value.type == "member_expression":
            # `const x = require('./m').y` — symbol is the property accessed
            prop = value.child_by_field_name("property")
            if prop is not None:
                sym_names.append(_read_text(prop, source))
        if target_stem is not None:
            for sym in sym_names:
                edges.append({
                    "source": file_nid,
                    "target": _make_id(target_stem, sym),
                    "relation": "imports",
                    "context": "import",
                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str_path,
                    "source_location": f"L{line}",
                    "weight": 1.0,
                })
    return found


# Node types whose value is a callable, for the JS/TS assignment / class-field
# / function-expression forms below. Older tree-sitter-javascript grammars
# label a function expression `function`; current ones use `function_expression`.
_JS_FUNCTION_VALUE_TYPES = frozenset({"arrow_function", "function_expression", "function", "generator_function"})


def _js_member_assignment_target(left, source: bytes):
    """Classify the symbol an `assignment_expression` LHS defines when its RHS
    is a function. Returns (kind, owner_name, member_name) or None.

      this.foo = fn            → ("this",      None,  "foo")
      exports.foo = fn         → ("exports",   None,  "foo")
      module.exports.foo = fn  → ("exports",   None,  "foo")
      Foo.prototype.bar = fn   → ("prototype", "Foo", "bar")

    Any other shape (an arbitrary `obj.x = fn`) returns None and is skipped —
    capturing those would reintroduce the bare-named / phantom-god-node class
    of bug the module-level scope guard (#1077) exists to prevent.
    """
    if left is None or left.type != "member_expression":
        return None
    prop = left.child_by_field_name("property")
    if prop is None:
        return None
    member_name = _read_text(prop, source)
    if not member_name:
        return None
    obj = left.child_by_field_name("object")
    if obj is None:
        return None
    if obj.type == "this":
        return ("this", None, member_name)
    if obj.type == "identifier":
        if _read_text(obj, source) == "exports":
            return ("exports", None, member_name)
        return None
    if obj.type == "member_expression":
        # module.exports.X  or  Foo.prototype.X
        inner_obj = obj.child_by_field_name("object")
        inner_prop = obj.child_by_field_name("property")
        if inner_obj is None or inner_prop is None:
            return None
        inner_prop_name = _read_text(inner_prop, source)
        if inner_obj.type == "identifier":
            inner_obj_name = _read_text(inner_obj, source)
            if inner_obj_name == "module" and inner_prop_name == "exports":
                return ("exports", None, member_name)
            if inner_prop_name == "prototype":
                return ("prototype", inner_obj_name, member_name)
    return None


def _js_extra_walk(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, str_path: str,
                   nodes: list, edges: list, seen_ids: set, function_bodies: list,
                   parent_class_nid: str | None, add_node_fn, add_edge_fn,
                   callable_def_nids: set | None = None,
                   local_bound_names: dict | None = None) -> bool:
    """Handle lexical_declaration (arrow functions, CJS requires, module-level const literals) for JS/TS. Returns True if handled."""
    # CommonJS / prototype member assignments whose value is a function:
    #   exports.X = () => {}     → file-contained function  X()
    #   module.exports.X = fn    → file-contained function  X()
    #   Foo.prototype.bar = fn   → method bar() owned by Foo
    # (`this.X = fn` lives inside a function body, which is not recursed here;
    #  it is captured at the enclosing function — see the function branch.)
    if node.type == "expression_statement":
        assign = next((c for c in node.children
                       if c.type == "assignment_expression"), None)
        if assign is not None:
            value = assign.child_by_field_name("right")
            if value is not None and value.type in _JS_FUNCTION_VALUE_TYPES:
                target = _js_member_assignment_target(
                    assign.child_by_field_name("left"), source)
                if target is not None:
                    kind, owner_name, member_name = target
                    line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                    handled = False
                    if kind == "exports":
                        nid = _make_id(stem, member_name)
                        add_node_fn(nid, f"{member_name}()", line)
                        add_edge_fn(file_nid, nid, "contains", line)
                        handled = True
                    elif kind == "prototype":
                        owner_nid = _make_id(stem, owner_name)
                        nid = _make_id(owner_nid, member_name)
                        add_node_fn(nid, f".{member_name}()", line)
                        add_edge_fn(owner_nid, nid, "method", line)
                        handled = True
                    if handled:
                        if callable_def_nids is not None:
                            callable_def_nids.add(nid)  # CJS/prototype fn is callable
                        if local_bound_names is not None:
                            local_bound_names[nid] = _js_local_bound_names(value, source)
                        body = value.child_by_field_name("body")
                        if body:
                            function_bodies.append((nid, body))
                        return True

    # Class fields whose value is a function:
    #   class C { handler = () => {} }   → method handler() owned by C
    # Reaches here with parent_class_nid set because class bodies are recursed
    # with the class nid as parent.
    if parent_class_nid and node.type in ("field_definition", "public_field_definition"):
        prop = node.child_by_field_name("property") or node.child_by_field_name("name")
        value = node.child_by_field_name("value")
        if (prop is not None and value is not None
                and value.type in _JS_FUNCTION_VALUE_TYPES):
            field_name = _read_text(prop, source)
            if field_name:
                line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                nid = _make_id(parent_class_nid, field_name)
                add_node_fn(nid, f".{field_name}()", line)
                add_edge_fn(parent_class_nid, nid, "method", line)
                if callable_def_nids is not None:
                    callable_def_nids.add(nid)  # arrow class-field is callable
                if local_bound_names is not None:
                    local_bound_names[nid] = _js_local_bound_names(value, source)
                body = value.child_by_field_name("body")
                if body:
                    function_bodies.append((nid, body))
                return True

    if node.type in ("lexical_declaration", "variable_declaration"):
        # CJS require imports — emit edges, do not block other lexical_declaration handling
        require_found = _require_imports_js(node, source, file_nid, stem, edges, str_path)

        # Scope guard (#1077): only emit nodes for module-level declarations.
        # Without this, `const x = ...` inside an arrow callback (e.g. inside
        # `describe(() => { const set = new Set(...) })`) emits a bare-named
        # node, and the same name collides across unrelated files producing
        # phantom god-nodes. Bodies of arrow functions are walked separately
        # via function_bodies, so we never need to emit nodes for locals here.
        parent = node.parent
        is_module_level = parent is not None and (
            parent.type == "program"
            or (parent.type == "export_statement"
                and parent.parent is not None
                and parent.parent.type == "program")
        )

        # Arrow function declarations and module-level const literals (lexical_declaration only)
        arrow_found = False
        const_found = False
        if node.type == "lexical_declaration" and is_module_level:
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "variable_declarator":
                    value = child.child_by_field_name("value")
                    if value and value.type in _JS_FUNCTION_VALUE_TYPES:
                        # `const f = () => {}` and `const f = function(){}`
                        name_node = child.child_by_field_name("name")
                        if name_node:
                            func_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
                            line = child.start_point[0] + 1
                            func_nid = _make_id(stem, func_name)
                            add_node_fn(func_nid, f"{func_name}()", line)
                            add_edge_fn(file_nid, func_nid, "contains", line)
                            if callable_def_nids is not None:
                                callable_def_nids.add(func_nid)  # `const f = () =>` is callable
                            if local_bound_names is not None:
                                local_bound_names[func_nid] = _js_local_bound_names(value, source)
                            body = value.child_by_field_name("body")
                            if body:
                                function_bodies.append((func_nid, body))
                            arrow_found = True
                    elif value and value.type in (
                        "object", "array", "as_expression", "call_expression", "new_expression",
                    ):
                        # Module-level const with literal/object/array/factory value
                        name_node = child.child_by_field_name("name")
                        if name_node:
                            const_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
                            line = child.start_point[0] + 1
                            const_nid = _make_id(stem, const_name)
                            add_node_fn(const_nid, const_name, line)
                            add_edge_fn(file_nid, const_nid, "contains", line)
                            const_found = True
        if arrow_found:
            return True
        if const_found:
            return True
        if require_found:
            return True
    return False


# ── TS extra walk for namespace / module declarations ─────────────────────────

def _ts_extra_walk(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, str_path: str,
                   nodes: list, edges: list, seen_ids: set, function_bodies: list,
                   parent_class_nid: str | None, add_node_fn, add_edge_fn,
                   walk_fn) -> bool:
    """Emit a container node for a TS `namespace`/`module` declaration.

    `namespace Foo {}` parses as `internal_module` (with `name`/`body` fields);
    `module Bar {}` and ambient `declare module "pkg" {}` parse as a named
    `module` node that exposes no fields, so its name and body are found
    positionally. Without this the container was never a node — its members were
    still reached by the default recurse but lost their namespace context. The
    members stay file-contained (parity with C#'s `_csharp_extra_walk`); the
    namespace becomes a sibling marker node so it is queryable. Returns True if
    handled.

    The guard requires `is_named` because the anonymous `module` keyword token
    shares the `module` type string and would otherwise match here.
    """
    if node.is_named and node.type in ("internal_module", "module"):
        name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
        if name_node is None:
            for child in node.children:
                if child.is_named and child.type in (
                        "identifier", "nested_identifier", "string"):
                    name_node = child
                    break
        body = node.child_by_field_name("body")
        if body is None:
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "statement_block":
                    body = child
                    break
        if name_node is not None:
            ns_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
            if name_node.type == "string":
                ns_name = ns_name.strip("'\"`")
            if ns_name:
                ns_nid = _make_id(stem, ns_name)
                line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                add_node_fn(ns_nid, ns_name, line)
                add_edge_fn(file_nid, ns_nid, "contains", line)
        if body is not None:
            for child in body.children:
                walk_fn(child, parent_class_nid)
        return True
    return False


# ── C# extra walk for namespace declarations ──────────────────────────────────

def _csharp_namespace_name(node, source: bytes) -> str:
    name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
    if name_node is not None:
        return _read_text(name_node, source).strip()
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type in ("identifier", "qualified_name"):
            return _read_text(child, source).strip()
    return ""


def _csharp_extra_walk(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, str_path: str,
                       nodes: list, edges: list, seen_ids: set, function_bodies: list,
                       parent_class_nid: str | None, add_node_fn, add_edge_fn,
                       walk_fn, namespace_stack: list[str], scope_stack: list[str]) -> bool:
    """Handle namespace declarations for C#. Returns True if handled."""
    if node.type == "namespace_declaration":
        ns_name = _csharp_namespace_name(node, source)
        pushed = False
        if ns_name:
            namespace_stack.append(ns_name)
            scope_stack.append(f"s{node.start_byte}")
            pushed = True
            ns_label = ".".join(namespace_stack)
            ns_nid = _csharp_namespace_id(ns_label)
            line = node.start_point[0] + 1
            add_node_fn(ns_nid, ns_label, line, node_type="namespace", metadata={"kind": "csharp_namespace"})
            add_edge_fn(file_nid, ns_nid, "contains", line)
        body = node.child_by_field_name("body")
        if body:
            try:
                for child in body.children:
                    walk_fn(child, parent_class_nid)
            finally:
                if pushed:
                    namespace_stack.pop()
                    scope_stack.pop()
        elif pushed:
            namespace_stack.pop()
            scope_stack.pop()
        return True
    if node.type == "file_scoped_namespace_declaration":
        ns_name = _csharp_namespace_name(node, source)
        if ns_name:
            namespace_stack.append(ns_name)
            scope_stack.append(f"s{node.start_byte}")
            ns_label = ".".join(namespace_stack)
            ns_nid = _csharp_namespace_id(ns_label)
            line = node.start_point[0] + 1
            add_node_fn(ns_nid, ns_label, line, node_type="namespace", metadata={"kind": "csharp_namespace"})
            add_edge_fn(file_nid, ns_nid, "contains", line)
        return True
    return False


# ── Swift extra walk for enum cases ──────────────────────────────────────────

def _swift_extra_walk(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, str_path: str,
                      nodes: list, edges: list, seen_ids: set, function_bodies: list,
                      parent_class_nid: str | None, add_node_fn, add_edge_fn,
                      ensure_named_node_fn) -> bool:
    """Handle enum_entry for Swift. Returns True if handled."""
    if node.type == "enum_entry" and parent_class_nid:
        line = node.start_point[0] + 1
        for child in node.children:
            if child.type == "simple_identifier":
                case_name = _read_text(child, source)
                case_nid = _make_id(parent_class_nid, case_name)
                add_node_fn(case_nid, case_name, line)
                add_edge_fn(parent_class_nid, case_nid, "case_of", line)
        # Associated-value types nest as `enum_type_parameters -> user_type ->
        # type_identifier` (a sibling of the case-name simple_identifier). The
        # case-name loop above never descends into them, so `case started(Session)`
        # used to drop the Event -> Session reference entirely. Mirror the Swift
        # property/parameter emit style: collect the type refs and emit a
        # `references` edge from the ENUM node to each collected type.
        for child in node.children:
            if child.type != "enum_type_parameters":
                continue
            for grand in child.children:
                if not grand.is_named:
                    continue
                refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                _swift_collect_type_refs(grand, source, False, refs)
                for ref_name, role in refs:
                    ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "type"
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node_fn(ref_name, line)
                    if target_nid != parent_class_nid:
                        add_edge_fn(parent_class_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                    line, context=ctx)
        return True
    return False


# ── Java extra walk for enum constants ───────────────────────────────────────

def _java_extra_walk(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, str_path: str,
                     nodes: list, edges: list, seen_ids: set, function_bodies: list,
                     parent_class_nid: str | None, add_node_fn, add_edge_fn,
                     walk_fn) -> bool:
    """Handle enum_constant for Java. Returns True if handled."""
    if node.type == "enum_constant" and parent_class_nid:
        name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
        if name_node is None:
            return True
        const_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
        line = node.start_point[0] + 1
        const_nid = _make_id(parent_class_nid, const_name)
        add_node_fn(const_nid, const_name, line)
        add_edge_fn(parent_class_nid, const_nid, "case_of", line)
        # Anonymous-body constants (`MONDAY { void greet(){} }`): descend so the
        # body's methods aren't dropped; const_nid attaches them to the constant.
        for child in node.children:
            if child.type == "class_body":
                for member in child.children:
                    walk_fn(member, parent_class_nid=const_nid)
        return True
    return False


# ── Language configs ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

_PYTHON_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_python",
    class_types=frozenset({"class_definition"}),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_definition"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"import_statement", "import_from_statement"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"call"}),
    call_function_field="function",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"attribute"}),
    call_accessor_field="attribute",
    call_accessor_object_field="object",
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_definition"}),
    import_handler=_import_python,
)

_JS_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_javascript",
    class_types=frozenset({"class_declaration"}),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_declaration", "generator_function_declaration", "method_definition"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"import_statement", "export_statement"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"call_expression", "new_expression"}),
    call_function_field="function",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"member_expression"}),
    call_accessor_field="property",
    call_accessor_object_field="object",
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_declaration", "generator_function_declaration", "arrow_function", "method_definition"}),
    import_handler=_import_js,
)

_TS_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_typescript",
    ts_language_fn="language_typescript",
    class_types=frozenset({
        "class_declaration",
        "abstract_class_declaration",  # TS abstract class
        "interface_declaration",   # parity with Java/C#
        "enum_declaration",        # named enums
        "type_alias_declaration",  # named type aliases
    }),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_declaration", "generator_function_declaration", "method_definition", "method_signature"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"import_statement", "export_statement"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"call_expression", "new_expression"}),
    call_function_field="function",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"member_expression"}),
    call_accessor_field="property",
    call_accessor_object_field="object",
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_declaration", "generator_function_declaration", "arrow_function", "method_definition"}),
    import_handler=_import_js,
)

# .tsx files must use the TSX grammar (JSX-aware), not the plain TypeScript grammar.
# tree-sitter-typescript ships two languages: language_typescript (for .ts) and
# language_tsx (for .tsx). Parsing .tsx with language_typescript silently fails on
# JSX expressions, dropping any call_expression nested inside JSX (e.g. {fmtDate(x)}).
_TSX_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_typescript",
    ts_language_fn="language_tsx",
    class_types=_TS_CONFIG.class_types,
    function_types=_TS_CONFIG.function_types,
    import_types=_TS_CONFIG.import_types,
    call_types=_TS_CONFIG.call_types,
    call_function_field=_TS_CONFIG.call_function_field,
    call_accessor_node_types=_TS_CONFIG.call_accessor_node_types,
    call_accessor_field=_TS_CONFIG.call_accessor_field,
    call_accessor_object_field=_TS_CONFIG.call_accessor_object_field,
    function_boundary_types=_TS_CONFIG.function_boundary_types,
    import_handler=_TS_CONFIG.import_handler,
)

_JAVA_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_java",
    # record_declaration shares class_declaration's name/body/interfaces fields,
    # so it becomes a first-class type node instead of an isolated file (#1373).
    # Enums and annotation declarations use the same name/body contract.
    class_types=frozenset({
        "class_declaration", "interface_declaration", "record_declaration",
        "enum_declaration", "annotation_type_declaration",
    }),
    function_types=frozenset({"method_declaration", "constructor_declaration"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"import_declaration"}),
    # object_creation_expression (`new Foo(...)`) is handled by a dedicated Java
    # branch in walk_calls below — its callee is in the `type` field, not `name`.
    call_types=frozenset({"method_invocation", "object_creation_expression"}),
    call_function_field="name",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset(),
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"method_declaration", "constructor_declaration"}),
    import_handler=_import_java,
)

_GROOVY_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_groovy",
    class_types=frozenset({"class_declaration", "interface_declaration"}),
    function_types=frozenset({"method_declaration", "constructor_declaration"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"import_declaration"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"method_invocation"}),
    call_function_field="name",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset(),
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"method_declaration", "constructor_declaration"}),
    import_handler=_import_java,
)

_C_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_c",
    class_types=frozenset(),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_definition"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"preproc_include"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"call_expression"}),
    call_function_field="function",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"field_expression"}),
    call_accessor_field="field",
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_definition"}),
    import_handler=_import_c,
    resolve_function_name_fn=_get_c_func_name,
)

_CPP_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_cpp",
    class_types=frozenset({"class_specifier", "struct_specifier"}),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_definition"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"preproc_include"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"call_expression"}),
    call_function_field="function",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"field_expression", "qualified_identifier"}),
    call_accessor_field="field",
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_definition"}),
    import_handler=_import_c,
    resolve_function_name_fn=_get_cpp_func_name,
)

_RUBY_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_ruby",
    # `module Foo` is a container node just like `class Foo` in tree-sitter's
    # Ruby grammar (name in a `constant` child, body in `body_statement`), so it
    # gets a node and its methods attach via `method` (#1640). Without it, plain
    # utility/`module_function` modules produced no node and their methods hung
    # off the file via `contains` with dot-less labels.
    class_types=frozenset({"class", "module"}),
    function_types=frozenset({"method", "singleton_method"}),
    import_types=frozenset(),
    call_types=frozenset({"call"}),
    call_function_field="method",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset(),
    name_fallback_child_types=("constant", "scope_resolution", "identifier"),
    body_fallback_child_types=("body_statement",),
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"method", "singleton_method"}),
)

_CSHARP_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_c_sharp",
    class_types=frozenset({
        "class_declaration",
        "interface_declaration",
        "enum_declaration",
        "struct_declaration",
        "record_declaration",
    }),
    function_types=frozenset({"method_declaration"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"using_directive"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"invocation_expression"}),
    call_function_field="function",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"member_access_expression"}),
    call_accessor_field="name",
    body_fallback_child_types=("declaration_list",),
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"method_declaration"}),
    import_handler=_import_csharp,
)

_KOTLIN_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_kotlin",
    class_types=frozenset({"class_declaration", "object_declaration"}),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_declaration"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"import_header"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"call_expression"}),
    call_function_field="",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"navigation_expression"}),
    call_accessor_field="",
    # Different tree-sitter-kotlin grammar versions name plain identifier
    # nodes differently: PyPI's `tree_sitter_kotlin` uses `identifier`,
    # older forks use `simple_identifier`. Accept both so the extractor
    # works across grammar generations.
    name_fallback_child_types=("simple_identifier", "identifier"),
    body_fallback_child_types=("function_body", "class_body"),
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_declaration"}),
    import_handler=_import_kotlin,
)

_SCALA_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_scala",
    class_types=frozenset({"class_definition", "object_definition"}),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_definition"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"import_declaration"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"call_expression"}),
    call_function_field="",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"field_expression"}),
    call_accessor_field="field",
    name_fallback_child_types=("identifier",),
    body_fallback_child_types=("template_body",),
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_definition"}),
    import_handler=_import_scala,
)

_PHP_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_php",
    ts_language_fn="language_php",
    class_types=frozenset({"class_declaration"}),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_definition", "method_declaration"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"namespace_use_clause"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"function_call_expression", "member_call_expression", "scoped_call_expression", "class_constant_access_expression"}),
    static_prop_types=frozenset({"scoped_property_access_expression"}),
    helper_fn_names=frozenset({"config"}),
    container_bind_methods=frozenset({"bind", "singleton", "scoped", "instance"}),
    event_listener_properties=frozenset({"listen", "subscribe"}),
    call_function_field="function",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"member_call_expression"}),
    call_accessor_field="name",
    name_fallback_child_types=("name",),
    body_fallback_child_types=("declaration_list", "compound_statement"),
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_definition", "method_declaration"}),
    import_handler=_import_php,
)


def _import_lua(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    """Extract require('module') from Lua variable_declaration nodes."""
    text = _read_text(node, source)
    import re
    m = re.search(r"""require\s*[\('"]\s*['"]?([^'")\s]+)""", text)
    if m:
        raw_module = m.group(1)
        if raw_module:
            tgt_nid = _resolve_lua_import_target(raw_module, str_path)
            if tgt_nid:
                edges.append({
                    "source": file_nid,
                    "target": tgt_nid,
                    "relation": "imports",
                    "context": "import",
                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "confidence_score": 1.0,
                    "source_file": str_path,
                    "source_location": str(node.start_point[0] + 1),
                    "weight": 1.0,
                })


_LUA_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_lua",
    ts_language_fn="language",
    class_types=frozenset(),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_declaration"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"variable_declaration"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"function_call"}),
    call_function_field="name",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"method_index_expression"}),
    call_accessor_field="name",
    name_fallback_child_types=("identifier", "method_index_expression"),
    body_fallback_child_types=("block",),
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_declaration"}),
    import_handler=_import_lua,
)


def _import_swift(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, edges: list, str_path: str, scope_stack: list[str] | None = None) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
    """Emit module-level ``imports`` edges and report the imported modules.

    A Swift ``import CoreKit`` names a module, not a file path, so — unlike the
    file-resolving JS/TS handlers — there is no existing node for the edge to
    point at. The returned ``(id, label)`` pairs let the extractor materialize a
    ``type=module`` anchor node so the edge survives; without it ``build_from_json``
    prunes every Swift import edge as a dangling/external reference (#1327).
    """
    modules: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
    for child in node.children:
        if child.type == "identifier":
            raw = _read_text(child, source)
            tgt_nid = _make_id(raw)
            edges.append({
                "source": file_nid,
                "target": tgt_nid,
                "relation": "imports",
                "context": "import",
                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                "weight": 1.0,
            })
            modules.append((tgt_nid, raw))
            break
    return modules


def _read_csharp_type_name(node, source: bytes) -> tuple[str, bool, str] | None:
    """Resolve a C# type name, whether it was qualified, and its qualifier prefix."""
    if node is None:
        return None
    if node.type in ("identifier", "predefined_type"):
        return (_read_text(node, source), False, "")
    if node.type == "qualified_name":
        prefix, _, tail = _read_text(node, source).rpartition(".")
        tail = tail.split("<", 1)[0]
        return (tail, True, prefix)
    if node.type == "generic_name":
        name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
        if name_node is not None:
            qualified = name_node.type == "qualified_name"
            prefix, _, tail = _read_text(name_node, source).rpartition(".")
            return (tail, qualified, prefix if qualified else "")
    for child in node.children:
        if not child.is_named:
            continue
        result = _read_csharp_type_name(child, source)
        if result:
            return result
    return None


_SWIFT_CONFIG = LanguageConfig(
    ts_module="tree_sitter_swift",
    class_types=frozenset({"class_declaration", "protocol_declaration"}),
    function_types=frozenset({"function_declaration", "init_declaration", "deinit_declaration", "subscript_declaration"}),
    import_types=frozenset({"import_declaration"}),
    call_types=frozenset({"call_expression"}),
    call_function_field="",
    call_accessor_node_types=frozenset({"navigation_expression"}),
    call_accessor_field="",
    name_fallback_child_types=("simple_identifier", "type_identifier", "user_type"),
    body_fallback_child_types=("class_body", "protocol_body", "function_body", "enum_class_body"),
    function_boundary_types=frozenset({"function_declaration", "init_declaration", "deinit_declaration", "subscript_declaration"}),
    import_handler=_import_swift,
)

# ── Ruby local type inference (for member-call resolution) ─────────────────────


def _ruby_new_class_name(node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Return ``ClassName`` if ``node`` is a ``ClassName.new(...)`` call, else None.

    Only a bare capitalized constant receiver counts (``Processor.new``);
    namespaced (``A::B.new``) and dynamic receivers are intentionally ignored so
    the binding stays unambiguous.
    """
    if node is None or node.type != "call":
        return None
    recv = node.child_by_field_name("receiver")
    meth = node.child_by_field_name("method")
    if recv is None or meth is None:
        return None
    if recv.type != "constant" or _read_text(meth, source) != "new":
        return None
    return _read_text(recv, source)


def _ruby_local_class_bindings(body_node, source: bytes) -> dict[str, str | None]:
    """Map ``local_var -> ClassName`` for ``var = ClassName.new`` within one Ruby
    method body, not descending into nested method definitions.

    100%-confidence contract: a variable assigned more than once, or to anything
    other than a single ``Constant.new``, maps to ``None`` (ambiguous) so callers
    never resolve it. Only the certain single-binding case carries a type.
    """
    bindings: dict[str, str | None] = {}
    boundary = {"method", "singleton_method"}

    def visit(n) -> None:
        for child in n.children:
            if child.type in boundary:
                continue  # nested method has its own scope
            if child.type == "assignment":
                left = child.child_by_field_name("left")
                right = child.child_by_field_name("right")
                if left is not None and left.type == "identifier":
                    var = _read_text(left, source)
                    cls = _ruby_new_class_name(right, source) if right is not None else None
                    if cls is None:
                        # assigned to something we can't type: poison if it was typed
                        if var in bindings:
                            bindings[var] = None
                    elif var in bindings:
                        if bindings[var] != cls:
                            bindings[var] = None  # reassigned to a different class
                    else:
                        bindings[var] = cls
            visit(child)

    visit(body_node)
    return bindings


def _ruby_const_last_name(node, source: bytes) -> str:
    """Last constant of a ``constant`` or ``scope_resolution`` (``A::B::C`` -> ``C``)."""
    if node is None:
        return ""
    if node.type == "constant":
        return _read_text(node, source)
    if node.type == "scope_resolution":
        consts = [c for c in node.children if c.type == "constant"]
        if consts:
            return _read_text(consts[-1], source)
    return ""


# `Const = <factory>(...)` shapes that define a lightweight class named after the
# constant. tree-sitter parses each as an `assignment`, not a `class`, so the
# generic class branch never saw them (#1640).
_RUBY_CLASS_FACTORIES = frozenset({("Struct", "new"), ("Class", "new"), ("Data", "define")})


def _ruby_extra_walk(node, source: bytes, file_nid: str, stem: str, str_path: str,
                     nodes: list, edges: list, seen_ids: set, function_bodies: list,
                     parent_class_nid: str | None, add_node, add_edge, walk,
                     callable_def_nids: set) -> bool:
    """Ruby: a constant assignment whose RHS is ``Struct.new(...)``,
    ``Class.new(Super)`` or ``Data.define(...)`` defines a class named after the
    constant (#1640). Synthesize the class node, attach block-defined methods via
    ``method`` (by recursing the block with the new node as parent), and emit an
    ``inherits`` edge for ``Class.new(Super)``. Returns True if handled.
    """
    if node.type != "assignment":
        return False
    left = node.child_by_field_name("left")
    right = node.child_by_field_name("right")
    if left is None or right is None or left.type != "constant" or right.type != "call":
        return False
    recv = right.child_by_field_name("receiver")
    meth = right.child_by_field_name("method")
    if recv is None or meth is None or recv.type != "constant":
        return False
    if (_read_text(recv, source), _read_text(meth, source)) not in _RUBY_CLASS_FACTORIES:
        return False

    const_name = _read_text(left, source)
    if not const_name:
        return False
    line = node.start_point[0] + 1
    class_nid = _make_id(stem, const_name)
    add_node(class_nid, const_name, line)
    callable_def_nids.add(class_nid)  # a class is callable (its constructor)
    # Mirror the generic class branch: containment always hangs off the file node.
    add_edge(file_nid, class_nid, "contains", line)

    # `Class.new(Super)` — the first positional constant argument is the superclass.
    if _read_text(recv, source) == "Class":
        args = next((c for c in right.children if c.type == "argument_list"), None)
        if args is not None:
            for arg in args.children:
                if arg.type in ("constant", "scope_resolution"):
                    base = _ruby_const_last_name(arg, source)
                    if base:
                        base_nid = _make_id(stem, base)
                        if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                            base_nid = _make_id(base)
                            if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                                # origin_file lets _disambiguate_colliding_node_ids
                                # tell this file's unresolved reference apart from
                                # another file's same-named one, instead of every
                                # file's stub collapsing onto one shared bare id
                                # (see ensure_named_node(), which sets the same
                                # field for this exact reason).
                                nodes.append({
                                    "id": base_nid, "label": base,
                                    "file_type": "code", "source_file": "",
                                    "source_location": "", "origin_file": str_path,
                                })
                                seen_ids.add(base_nid)
                        add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, "inherits", line)
                    break

    # Recurse the do/brace block so block-defined methods attach to the class.
    # The block wraps its statements in a `body_statement` (like a class body);
    # descend into it so the method handler sees parent_class_nid — otherwise the
    # default recurse resets the parent to None and the method hangs off the file
    # with a dot-less label.
    block = next((c for c in right.children if c.type in ("do_block", "block")), None)
    if block is not None:
        body = next((c for c in block.children if c.type == "body_statement"), block)
        for child in body.children:
            walk(child, parent_class_nid=class_nid)
    return True


# ── Generic extractor ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def _extract_generic(
    path: Path, config: LanguageConfig, *, source_override: bytes | None = None
) -> dict:
    """Generic AST extractor driven by LanguageConfig.

    ``source_override`` parses the given bytes instead of reading ``path``, while
    still keying nodes/edges off ``path``. Lets container formats (e.g. Vue SFCs)
    mask the wrapper and parse just the embedded ``<script>``.
    """
    try:
        mod = importlib.import_module(config.ts_module)
        from tree_sitter import Language, Parser
        lang_fn = getattr(mod, config.ts_language_fn, None)
        if lang_fn is None:
            # Fallback for PHP: try "language_php" then "language"
            lang_fn = getattr(mod, "language", None)
        if lang_fn is None:
            return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": f"No language function in {config.ts_module}"}
        language = Language(lang_fn())
    except ImportError:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": f"{config.ts_module} not installed"}
    except TypeError as e:
        # tree-sitter version mismatch: old Language() expects (lib_path),
        # new Language() expects (language_capsule, name). Surface a hint
        # so users see the upgrade path instead of a bare TypeError.
        hint = (
            f"tree-sitter version mismatch for {config.ts_module}: {e}. "
            "Try: pip install --upgrade tree-sitter tree-sitter-languages"
        )
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": hint}
    except Exception as e:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": str(e)}

    try:
        parser = Parser(language)
        source = path.read_bytes() if source_override is None else source_override
        tree = parser.parse(source)
        root = tree.root_node
    except Exception as e:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": str(e)}

    stem = _file_stem(path)
    str_path = str(path)
    nodes: list[dict] = []
    edges: list[dict] = []
    seen_ids: set[str] = set()
    namespace_stack: list[str] = []
    scope_stack: list[str] = []
    function_bodies: list[tuple[str, object]] = []
    # nids of function / method / class definitions in this file. The indirect-
    # dispatch guard (Python) resolves a call-argument identifier to an edge only
    # when it names one of these callable defs — never an arbitrary same-named
    # node — so `process(config)` can't manufacture an edge to a non-callable.
    callable_def_nids: set[str] = set()
    # Python only: per-function set of locally-bound names (params + local
    # assignment / for / with-as / comprehension targets). The indirect-dispatch
    # guard skips any call-argument identifier in the enclosing function's set,
    # so a param/local that shadows a module function name yields no edge.
    local_bound_names: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
    pending_listen_edges: list[tuple[str, str, int]] = []
    # tree-sitter-swift parses both `class Foo` and `extension Foo` as
    # `class_declaration`. Same-file pairs collapse via seen_ids, but cross-file
    # extensions don't (file stem is part of the id), so they're collected here
    # for a corpus-level merge after every file has been parsed.
    swift_extensions: list[dict] = []
    # #1356: call expressions in property/field initializers (e.g.
    # `let vm = VM()`) live outside function bodies, so the call-walk never
    # reaches them. Collect (owner_nid, call_node) here and walk them too.
    initializer_nodes: list[tuple[str, object]] = []
    # Ruby include/extend/prepend mixins collected during the node walk (#1668),
    # merged into raw_calls after the call-walk populates it (raw_calls does not
    # exist yet while walk() runs). Resolved cross-file by the Ruby resolver.
    _ruby_mixin_calls: list[dict] = []
    # #1356: per-file map of local name -> declared type (properties + params),
    # threaded out as `swift_type_table` so member calls (`vm.update()`) can be
    # resolved to the receiver's real definition in _resolve_swift_member_calls.
    type_table: dict[str, str] = {}

    csharp_interface_names: set[str] = set()
    if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp":
        csharp_interface_names = _csharp_pre_scan_interfaces(root, source)

    swift_protocol_names: set[str] = set()
    swift_class_names: set[str] = set()
    if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_swift":
        swift_protocol_names, swift_class_names = _swift_pre_scan(root, source)

    def add_node(nid: str, label: str, line: int, *, node_type: str | None = None,
                 metadata: dict | None = None) -> None:
        if nid in seen_ids:
            return
        seen_ids.add(nid)
        merged = dict(metadata or {})
        if namespace_stack:
            merged.setdefault("namespace", ".".join(namespace_stack))
        if scope_stack and node_type != "namespace":
            merged.setdefault("scope_chain", list(scope_stack))
        node = {
            "id": nid,
            "label": label,
            "file_type": "code",
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
        }
        if node_type:
            node["type"] = node_type
        if merged:
            node["metadata"] = sanitize_metadata(merged)
        nodes.append(node)

    def add_edge(src: str, tgt: str, relation: str, line: int,
                 confidence: str = "EXTRACTED", weight: float = 1.0,
                 context: str | None = None,
                 metadata: dict | None = None) -> None:
        edge = {
            "source": src,
            "target": tgt,
            "relation": relation,
            "confidence": confidence,
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
            "weight": weight,
        }
        if context:
            edge["context"] = context
        if metadata:
            edge["metadata"] = sanitize_metadata(metadata)
        edges.append(edge)

    def ensure_named_node(name: str, line: int) -> str:
        nid = _make_id(stem, ".".join(namespace_stack), name)
        if nid in seen_ids:
            return nid
        nid = _make_id(name)
        if nid not in seen_ids:
            # The name isn't defined in this file, so this is a cross-file reference
            # (e.g. a `Thing` type annotation imported from another module). Emit a
            # SOURCELESS stub — like the inheritance-base path below — so the
            # corpus-level rewire can collapse it onto the real definition. A sourced
            # stub here makes _disambiguate_colliding_node_ids bake the referencing
            # file's path (with extension) into the id and blocks the rewire, which is
            # the phantom-duplicate-node bug (#1402).
            seen_ids.add(nid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": nid,
                "label": name,
                "file_type": "code",
                "source_file": "",
                "source_location": "",
                "origin_file": str_path,
            })
        return nid

    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))
    add_node(file_nid, path.name, 1)

    def walk(node, parent_class_nid: str | None = None) -> None:
        t = node.type

        # Import types
        if t in config.import_types:
            if config.import_handler:
                imported_modules = config.import_handler(node, source, file_nid, stem, edges, str_path, scope_stack)
                # Module-level import handlers (Swift) name a module, not a file
                # path, so there is no pre-existing node to anchor the edge to.
                # They return (id, label) pairs for which we materialize a
                # `type=module` node; otherwise build_from_json prunes every such
                # import edge as a dangling/external reference. The same module
                # imported from N files shares one id (file_type=code keeps
                # build.py validation happy; `type=module` exempts it from
                # id-disambiguation) so it collapses to one shared node (#1327).
                if imported_modules:
                    line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                    for mod_nid, mod_label in imported_modules:
                        if mod_nid not in seen_ids:
                            seen_ids.add(mod_nid)
                            nodes.append({
                                "id": mod_nid,
                                "label": mod_label,
                                "file_type": "code",
                                "type": "module",
                                "source_file": str_path,
                                "source_location": f"L{line}",
                            })
            # For export_statement: only return (skip children) if it's a re-export
            # (has a `from` source). Otherwise fall through to walk children which may
            # contain function_declaration, class_declaration, etc.
            if t == "export_statement":
                has_source = any(c.type == "string" for c in node.children)
                if not has_source:
                    for child in node.children:
                        walk(child, parent_class_nid)
            return

        # Class types
        if t in config.class_types:
            # Resolve class name
            name_node = node.child_by_field_name(config.name_field)
            if name_node is None:
                for child in node.children:
                    if child.type in config.name_fallback_child_types:
                        name_node = child
                        break
            if not name_node:
                return
            class_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
            class_nid = _make_id(stem, ".".join(namespace_stack), class_name)
            line = node.start_point[0] + 1
            metadata = None
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp" and parent_class_nid:
                metadata = {"is_nested_type": True}
            add_node(class_nid, class_name, line, metadata=metadata)
            callable_def_nids.add(class_nid)  # a class is callable (constructor)
            add_edge(file_nid, class_nid, "contains", line)

            # TS/JS decorators on the class and its members (@Component, @Injectable,
            # @Input, @Inject, @Entity, …). Decorators live only in class subtrees.
            if config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript"):
                _ts_emit_decorator_edges(node, class_nid, stem, source,
                                         ensure_named_node, add_edge)

            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_swift" and any(
                c.type == "extension" for c in node.children
            ):
                swift_extensions.append({"nid": class_nid, "label": class_name})

            # Python-specific: inheritance
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_python":
                args = node.child_by_field_name("superclasses")
                if args:
                    for arg in args.children:
                        if arg.type == "identifier":
                            base = _read_text(arg, source)
                            base_nid = ensure_named_node(base, line)
                            add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, "inherits", line)

            # Swift-specific: conformance / inheritance
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_swift":
                swift_kind = _swift_declaration_keyword(node) if t == "class_declaration" else "protocol"
                seen_swift_base = False
                for child in node.children:
                    if child.type != "inheritance_specifier":
                        continue
                    base_name: str | None = None
                    user_type_node = None
                    for sub in child.children:
                        if sub.type == "user_type":
                            user_type_node = sub
                            base_name = _swift_user_type_name(sub, source)
                            break
                        if sub.type == "type_identifier":
                            base_name = _read_text(sub, source) or None
                            break
                    if not base_name:
                        continue
                    base_nid = _make_id(stem, base_name)
                    if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                        base_nid = _make_id(base_name)
                        if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                            nodes.append({
                                "id": base_nid,
                                "label": base_name,
                                "file_type": "code",
                                "source_file": "",
                                "source_location": "",
                            })
                            seen_ids.add(base_nid)
                    if t == "protocol_declaration":
                        relation = "inherits"
                    else:
                        relation = _swift_classify_base(
                            base_name, swift_kind, not seen_swift_base,
                            swift_protocol_names, swift_class_names,
                        )
                    seen_swift_base = True
                    add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, relation, line)
                    if user_type_node is not None:
                        for arg_child in user_type_node.children:
                            if arg_child.type != "type_arguments":
                                continue
                            for arg in arg_child.children:
                                if not arg.is_named:
                                    continue
                                refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                                _swift_collect_type_refs(arg, source, True, refs)
                                for ref_name, _role in refs:
                                    target = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                                    add_edge(class_nid, target, "references", line,
                                             context="generic_arg")

            # PHP-specific: extends → inherits, implements → implements, use → mixes_in
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_php":
                def _php_emit_base(base_name: str, rel: str, at_line: int) -> None:
                    if not base_name:
                        return
                    base_nid = _make_id(stem, base_name)
                    if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                        base_nid = _make_id(base_name)
                        if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                            nodes.append({
                                "id": base_nid,
                                "label": base_name,
                                "file_type": "code",
                                "source_file": "",
                                "source_location": "",
                            })
                            seen_ids.add(base_nid)
                    add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, rel, at_line)

                for child in node.children:
                    if child.type == "base_clause":
                        for sub in child.children:
                            if sub.type in ("name", "qualified_name"):
                                _php_emit_base(_php_name_text(sub, source) or "",
                                                "inherits", child.start_point[0] + 1)
                    elif child.type == "class_interface_clause":
                        for sub in child.children:
                            if sub.type in ("name", "qualified_name"):
                                _php_emit_base(_php_name_text(sub, source) or "",
                                                "implements", child.start_point[0] + 1)
                body = node.child_by_field_name("body")
                if body is None:
                    for c in node.children:
                        if c.type == "declaration_list":
                            body = c
                            break
                if body is not None:
                    for member in body.children:
                        if member.type != "use_declaration":
                            continue
                        for sub in member.children:
                            if sub.type in ("name", "qualified_name"):
                                _php_emit_base(_php_name_text(sub, source) or "",
                                                "mixes_in", member.start_point[0] + 1)

            # Kotlin-specific: delegation_specifiers → inherits (constructor_invocation) / implements (user_type)
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_kotlin":
                for child in node.children:
                    if child.type != "delegation_specifiers":
                        continue
                    for spec in child.children:
                        if spec.type != "delegation_specifier":
                            continue
                        relation = "implements"
                        user_type_node = None
                        for sub in spec.children:
                            if sub.type == "constructor_invocation":
                                relation = "inherits"
                                for inner in sub.children:
                                    if inner.type == "user_type":
                                        user_type_node = inner
                                        break
                                break
                            if sub.type == "user_type":
                                user_type_node = sub
                                break
                            # `class Foo : Bar by baz` wraps the delegated
                            # interface `Bar` in an `explicit_delegation`
                            # node; grab its first `user_type` descendant so
                            # the implements edge (and generic-arg recovery)
                            # still fire.
                            if sub.type == "explicit_delegation":
                                for inner in sub.children:
                                    if inner.type == "user_type":
                                        user_type_node = inner
                                        break
                                break
                        if user_type_node is None:
                            continue
                        base = _kotlin_user_type_name(user_type_node, source)
                        if not base:
                            continue
                        base_nid = ensure_named_node(base, line)
                        add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, relation, line)
                        for arg_child in user_type_node.children:
                            if arg_child.type != "type_arguments":
                                continue
                            for arg in arg_child.children:
                                if arg.type == "type_projection":
                                    for inner in arg.children:
                                        if not inner.is_named:
                                            continue
                                        refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                                        _kotlin_collect_type_refs(inner, source, True, refs)
                                        for ref_name, _role in refs:
                                            target = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                                            add_edge(class_nid, target, "references", line,
                                                     context="generic_arg")

            # Ruby: `class Dog < Animal` puts the base class in the `superclass`
            # field (a `<` token followed by a constant or scope_resolution).
            # There was no Ruby branch, so every Ruby inherits edge was dropped.
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_ruby":
                sup = node.child_by_field_name("superclass")
                if sup is not None:
                    base = ""
                    for sub in sup.children:
                        if sub.type == "constant":
                            base = _read_text(sub, source)
                            break
                        if sub.type == "scope_resolution":
                            consts = [c for c in sub.children if c.type == "constant"]
                            if consts:
                                base = _read_text(consts[-1], source)
                            break
                    if base:
                        base_nid = ensure_named_node(base, line)
                        add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, "inherits", line)

                # `include`/`extend`/`prepend <Const>` in the class/module body ->
                # a `mixes_in` edge to the module (#1668). The module usually lives
                # in another file, so defer resolution to the cross-file Ruby
                # resolver (reusing the #1634 candidate logic and the #1640 module
                # nodes as targets). Only bare/namespaced constant arguments count;
                # `extend self`, `include some_var`, etc. are skipped.
                _rb_body = _find_body(node, config)
                if _rb_body is not None:
                    for _stmt in _rb_body.children:
                        if _stmt.type != "call" or _stmt.child_by_field_name("receiver") is not None:
                            continue
                        _m = _stmt.child_by_field_name("method")
                        if _m is None or _read_text(_m, source) not in ("include", "extend", "prepend"):
                            continue
                        _args = _stmt.child_by_field_name("arguments")
                        if _args is None:
                            continue
                        for _arg in _args.children:
                            if _arg.type not in ("constant", "scope_resolution"):
                                continue
                            _mod = _ruby_const_last_name(_arg, source)
                            if _mod:
                                _ruby_mixin_calls.append({
                                    "caller_nid": class_nid,
                                    "callee": _mod,
                                    "is_mixin": True,
                                    "source_file": str_path,
                                    "source_location": f"L{_stmt.start_point[0] + 1}",
                                })

            # C#-specific: inheritance / interface implementation via base_list
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp":
                csharp_type_params = _csharp_type_parameters_in_scope(node, source)
                for child in node.children:
                    if child.type != "base_list":
                        continue
                    for sub in child.children:
                        if sub.type not in ("identifier", "generic_name", "qualified_name"):
                            continue
                        base_info = _read_csharp_type_name(sub, source)
                        if base_info is None:
                            continue
                        base, qualified, qualifier = base_info
                        if not base or base in csharp_type_params:
                            continue
                        base_nid = _make_id(stem, ".".join(namespace_stack), base)
                        if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                            base_nid = _make_id(base)
                            if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                                nodes.append({
                                    "id": base_nid,
                                    "label": base,
                                    "file_type": "code",
                                    "source_file": "",
                                    "source_location": "",
                                })
                                seen_ids.add(base_nid)
                        relation = _csharp_classify_base(base, csharp_interface_names)
                        metadata = {"ref_token": base}
                        if qualified:
                            metadata["qualified"] = True
                        if qualifier:
                            metadata["ref_qualifier"] = qualifier
                        add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, relation, line, metadata=metadata)
                        if sub.type == "generic_name":
                            for tal in sub.children:
                                if tal.type != "type_argument_list":
                                    continue
                                for arg in tal.children:
                                    if not arg.is_named:
                                        continue
                                    refs: list[tuple[str, str, bool, str]] = []
                                    _csharp_collect_type_refs(
                                        arg, source, True, refs, csharp_type_params
                                    )
                                    for ref_name, _role, ref_qualified, ref_qualifier in refs:
                                        target = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                                        metadata = {"ref_token": ref_name}
                                        if ref_qualified:
                                            metadata["qualified"] = True
                                        if ref_qualifier:
                                            metadata["ref_qualifier"] = ref_qualifier
                                        add_edge(class_nid, target, "references", line,
                                                 context="generic_arg", metadata=metadata)

            # Java-specific: extends (superclass) / implements (interfaces) / interface-extends
            if config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_java", "tree_sitter_groovy"):
                def _emit_java_parent(base_name: str, rel: str, at_line: int) -> None:
                    if not base_name:
                        return
                    base_nid = _make_id(stem, base_name)
                    if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                        base_nid = _make_id(base_name)
                        if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                            nodes.append({
                                "id": base_nid,
                                "label": base_name,
                                "file_type": "code",
                                "source_file": "",
                                "source_location": "",
                            })
                            seen_ids.add(base_nid)
                    add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, rel, at_line)

                def _emit_java_parent_type(type_node, rel: str, at_line: int) -> None:
                    refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                    _java_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                    parent_emitted = False
                    for ref_name, role in refs:
                        if role == "type" and not parent_emitted:
                            _emit_java_parent(ref_name, rel, at_line)
                            parent_emitted = True
                        elif role == "generic_arg":
                            target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, at_line)
                            if target_nid != class_nid:
                                add_edge(class_nid, target_nid, "references", at_line,
                                         context="generic_arg")

                sup = node.child_by_field_name("superclass")
                if sup is not None:
                    for sub in sup.children:
                        if sub.is_named:
                            _emit_java_parent_type(sub, "inherits", line)
                            break

                ifs = node.child_by_field_name("interfaces")
                if ifs is not None:
                    for sub in ifs.children:
                        if sub.type == "type_list":
                            for tid in sub.children:
                                if tid.is_named:
                                    _emit_java_parent_type(tid, "implements", line)

                if t == "interface_declaration":
                    for child in node.children:
                        if child.type == "extends_interfaces":
                            for sub in child.children:
                                if sub.type == "type_list":
                                    for tid in sub.children:
                                        if tid.is_named:
                                            _emit_java_parent_type(tid, "inherits", line)

                for anno_name in _java_annotation_names(node, source):
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(anno_name, line)
                    if target_nid != class_nid:
                        add_edge(class_nid, target_nid, "references", line,
                                 context="attribute")

                if t == "record_declaration":
                    components = node.child_by_field_name("parameters")
                    if components is not None:
                        for component in components.children:
                            if component.type == "formal_parameter":
                                type_node = component.child_by_field_name("type")
                            elif component.type == "spread_parameter":
                                type_node = next(
                                    (
                                        child
                                        for child in component.children
                                        if child.is_named
                                        and child.type not in ("modifiers", "variable_declarator")
                                    ),
                                    None,
                                )
                            else:
                                continue
                            refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                            _java_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                            component_line = component.start_point[0] + 1
                            for ref_name, role in refs:
                                ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                                target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, component_line)
                                if target_nid != class_nid:
                                    add_edge(class_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                             component_line, context=ctx)

            # Scala: extends_clause carries `extends Base with Trait1 with Trait2`.
            # The first base after `extends` is `inherits`; each subsequent
            # type after `with` is `mixes_in`. Also walk class_parameters for
            # constructor-as-field type references.
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_scala":
                extend = node.child_by_field_name("extend")
                if extend is None:
                    for c in node.children:
                        if c.type == "extends_clause":
                            extend = c
                            break
                if extend is not None:
                    bases: list[tuple[str, int]] = []
                    for c in extend.children:
                        if c.type == "type_identifier":
                            bases.append((_read_text(c, source), c.start_point[0] + 1))
                        elif c.type == "generic_type":
                            base = c.child_by_field_name("type")
                            if base is None:
                                for sc in c.children:
                                    if sc.type == "type_identifier":
                                        base = sc
                                        break
                            if base is not None:
                                bases.append((_read_text(base, source), c.start_point[0] + 1))
                    for idx, (base_name, base_line) in enumerate(bases):
                        rel = "inherits" if idx == 0 else "mixes_in"
                        base_nid = ensure_named_node(base_name, base_line)
                        if base_nid != class_nid:
                            add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, rel, base_line)
                for c in node.children:
                    if c.type != "class_parameters":
                        continue
                    for cp in c.children:
                        if cp.type != "class_parameter":
                            continue
                        ptype = cp.child_by_field_name("type")
                        if ptype is None:
                            continue
                        cp_line = cp.start_point[0] + 1
                        refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                        _scala_collect_type_refs(ptype, source, False, refs)
                        for ref_name, role in refs:
                            ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                            target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, cp_line)
                            if target_nid != class_nid:
                                add_edge(class_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                         cp_line, context=ctx)

            # C++-specific: inheritance via base_class_clause (class and struct).
            # tree-sitter-cpp shape:
            #   class_specifier / struct_specifier
            #     base_class_clause
            #       access_specifier? ("public"/"protected"/"private")  -- skip
            #       "virtual"?                                          -- skip
            #       type_identifier                                     -- "Base"
            #       qualified_identifier                                -- "ns::Base"
            #       template_type                                       -- "Vec<int>"
            # Multiple bases are siblings separated by ',' tokens.
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_cpp":
                for child in node.children:
                    if child.type != "base_class_clause":
                        continue
                    for sub in child.children:
                        base = ""
                        template_args_node = None
                        if sub.type == "type_identifier":
                            base = _read_text(sub, source)
                        elif sub.type == "qualified_identifier":
                            # Use the unqualified tail so "std::vector" matches
                            # a "vector" node id if one exists in the graph;
                            # fall back to the full qualified text otherwise.
                            tail = sub.child_by_field_name("name")
                            base = _read_text(tail, source) if tail else _read_text(sub, source)
                        elif sub.type == "template_type":
                            tname = sub.child_by_field_name("name")
                            base = _read_text(tname, source) if tname else _read_text(sub, source)
                            # The base's template_argument_list carries generic
                            # type arguments (class Car : public Base<Dep>). The
                            # Java handler (_emit_java_parent_type) emits these as
                            # generic_arg references; C++ dropped them because we
                            # only emitted the `inherits` edge on the base name.
                            template_args_node = sub.child_by_field_name("arguments")
                        else:
                            continue
                        if not base:
                            continue
                        base_nid = ensure_named_node(base, line)
                        add_edge(class_nid, base_nid, "inherits", line)
                        # Emit a generic_arg reference for each type argument on the
                        # base (Base<Dep> -> Car references Dep). _cpp_collect_type_refs
                        # handles nested/qualified args (Base<std::vector<Dep>>) too.
                        if template_args_node is not None:
                            arg_refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                            for arg in template_args_node.children:
                                if arg.is_named:
                                    _cpp_collect_type_refs(arg, source, True, arg_refs)
                            for ref_name, _role in arg_refs:
                                target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                                if target_nid != class_nid:
                                    add_edge(class_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                             line, context="generic_arg")

            # Find body and recurse
            body = _find_body(node, config)
            if body:
                for child in body.children:
                    walk(child, parent_class_nid=class_nid)
            return

        # Event listener property arrays: $listen = [Event::class => [Listener::class]]
        if (t == "property_declaration"
                and parent_class_nid
                and config.event_listener_properties):
            handled_event_listener = False
            for element in node.children:
                if element.type != "property_element":
                    continue
                prop_name: str | None = None
                array_node = None
                for c in element.children:
                    if c.type == "variable_name":
                        for sc in c.children:
                            if sc.type == "name":
                                prop_name = _read_text(sc, source)
                                break
                    elif c.type == "array_creation_expression":
                        array_node = c
                if (prop_name is None
                        or prop_name not in config.event_listener_properties
                        or array_node is None):
                    continue
                handled_event_listener = True
                for entry in array_node.children:
                    if entry.type != "array_element_initializer":
                        continue
                    event_cls: str | None = None
                    listener_arr = None
                    for sub in entry.children:
                        if sub.type == "class_constant_access_expression" and event_cls is None:
                            for sc in sub.children:
                                if sc.is_named and sc.type in ("name", "qualified_name"):
                                    event_cls = _read_text(sc, source)
                                    break
                        elif sub.type == "array_creation_expression":
                            listener_arr = sub
                    if not event_cls or listener_arr is None:
                        continue
                    for listener_entry in listener_arr.children:
                        if listener_entry.type != "array_element_initializer":
                            continue
                        for item in listener_entry.children:
                            if item.type != "class_constant_access_expression":
                                continue
                            for sc in item.children:
                                if sc.is_named and sc.type in ("name", "qualified_name"):
                                    listener_cls = _read_text(sc, source)
                                    line_no = item.start_point[0] + 1
                                    pending_listen_edges.append((event_cls, listener_cls, line_no))
                                    break
                            break
            if handled_event_listener:
                return

        if (config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp"
                and t == "field_declaration"
                and parent_class_nid):
            type_node = node.child_by_field_name("type")
            if type_node is None:
                for child in node.children:
                    if child.type == "variable_declaration":
                        type_node = child.child_by_field_name("type")
                        if type_node is not None:
                            break
            type_info = _read_csharp_type_name(type_node, source)
            if type_info:
                type_name, qualified, qualifier = type_info
                csharp_type_params = _csharp_type_parameters_in_scope(
                    type_node if type_node is not None else node, source
                )
                if not type_name or type_name in csharp_type_params:
                    return
                line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                metadata = {"ref_token": type_name}
                if qualified:
                    metadata["qualified"] = True
                if qualifier:
                    metadata["ref_qualifier"] = qualifier
                add_edge(parent_class_nid, ensure_named_node(type_name, line),
                         "references", line, context="field", metadata=metadata)
            return

        if (config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp"
                and t == "property_declaration"
                and parent_class_nid):
            # C# auto-properties (`public Widget Main { get; set; }`) are the
            # idiomatic way to declare state, yet only field_declaration was
            # handled — so property types produced no references edge. Unlike a
            # field, a property exposes its type on the node directly (no
            # variable_declaration wrapper), so read it straight off the `type`
            # field. Use _csharp_collect_type_refs (like the Java/PHP/Kotlin
            # siblings) so `List<Widget>` yields both the List field ref and the
            # Widget generic_arg ref.
            type_node = node.child_by_field_name("type")
            if type_node is not None:
                line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                refs: list[tuple[str, str, bool, str]] = []
                _csharp_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                for ref_name, role, qualified, qualifier in refs:
                    ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                    if target_nid != parent_class_nid:
                        metadata = {"ref_token": ref_name}
                        if qualified:
                            metadata["qualified"] = True
                        if qualifier:
                            metadata["ref_qualifier"] = qualifier
                        add_edge(parent_class_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                 line, context=ctx, metadata=metadata)
            return

        if (config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_java"
                and t == "field_declaration"
                and parent_class_nid):
            type_node = node.child_by_field_name("type")
            if type_node is not None:
                line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                _java_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                for ref_name, role in refs:
                    ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                    if target_nid != parent_class_nid:
                        add_edge(parent_class_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                 line, context=ctx)
            return

        if (config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_php"
                and t == "property_declaration"
                and parent_class_nid):
            for c in node.children:
                if c.type not in ("named_type", "primitive_type", "nullable_type",
                                   "union_type", "intersection_type", "optional_type"):
                    continue
                line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                _php_collect_type_refs(c, source, False, refs)
                for ref_name, role in refs:
                    ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                    if target_nid != parent_class_nid:
                        add_edge(parent_class_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)
                break
            return

        if (config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_kotlin"
                and t == "property_declaration"
                and parent_class_nid):
            type_node = _kotlin_property_type_node(node)
            if type_node is not None:
                line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                _kotlin_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                for ref_name, role in refs:
                    ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                    if target_nid != parent_class_nid:
                        add_edge(parent_class_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)
            return

        if (config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_swift"
                and t == "property_declaration"
                and parent_class_nid):
            line = node.start_point[0] + 1
            prop_type: str | None = None
            type_anno = _swift_property_type_node(node)
            if type_anno is not None:
                refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                _swift_collect_type_refs(type_anno, source, False, refs)
                for ref_name, role in refs:
                    ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                    if target_nid != parent_class_nid:
                        add_edge(parent_class_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)
                    if prop_type is None and role == "type":
                        prop_type = ref_name
            # #1356 Stage 1: walk the initializer so a constructor call
            # (`let vm = VM()`) produces a calls edge. #1356 Stage 2a: when the
            # property has no type annotation, infer its type from the
            # constructor so `vm.update()` later resolves to VM.
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type in config.call_types:
                    initializer_nodes.append((parent_class_nid, child))
                    if prop_type is None:
                        ctor = _swift_constructor_type(child, source)
                        if ctor is not None:
                            prop_type = ctor
                # #1604 Stage 2b: `let x = Type.shared` (or any `Type.staticProp`)
                # binds x to Type via a static-member access, which is a
                # navigation_expression, not a constructor call. Infer x's type from
                # the uppercase head so later `x.method()` calls resolve to Type. This
                # is the singleton idiom (`Type.shared`) cached into a local var and
                # called on a subsequent line — extremely common in Swift.
                elif child.type == "navigation_expression" and prop_type is None:
                    head = child.children[0] if child.children else None
                    if head is not None and head.type == "simple_identifier":
                        htext = _read_text(head, source)
                        if htext and htext[:1].isupper():
                            prop_type = htext
            prop_name = _swift_property_name(node, source)
            if prop_name and prop_type:
                type_table[prop_name] = prop_type
            return

        if (config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_scala"
                and t in ("val_definition", "var_definition")
                and parent_class_nid):
            type_node = node.child_by_field_name("type")
            if type_node is not None:
                line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                _scala_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                for ref_name, role in refs:
                    ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                    if target_nid != parent_class_nid:
                        add_edge(parent_class_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                 line, context=ctx)
            # fall through so any call expressions in the initializer get walked

        if (config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_cpp"
                and t == "field_declaration"
                and parent_class_nid):
            # Skip method prototypes (field_declaration with a function_declarator
            # is a member-function declaration, not a data member).
            decls = list(node.children_by_field_name("declarator"))
            is_method = any(
                d.type == "function_declarator"
                or (d.type in ("pointer_declarator", "reference_declarator")
                    and any(c.type == "function_declarator" for c in d.children))
                for d in decls
            )
            if not is_method:
                type_node = node.child_by_field_name("type")
                if type_node is not None:
                    line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                    refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                    _cpp_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                    for ref_name, role in refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != parent_class_nid:
                            add_edge(parent_class_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                     line, context=ctx)
            # Emit a node for each data member. Use children_by_field_name so we
            # only visit declarator children, not the type node (which would give
            # us the type name, not the field name). Handles int x, y; via
            # multiple declarator fields and static const int MAX = 100; via the
            # init_declarator → field_identifier recursion in _get_cpp_func_name.
            for decl in decls:
                name = _get_cpp_func_name(decl, source)
                if name:
                    line = decl.start_point[0] + 1
                    field_nid = _make_id(parent_class_nid, name)
                    add_node(field_nid, name, line)
                    add_edge(parent_class_nid, field_nid, "defines", line, context="field")
            return

        # Function types
        if t in config.function_types:
            # Swift deinit/subscript have no name field — resolve before generic fallback
            if t == "deinit_declaration":
                func_name: str | None = "deinit"
            elif t == "subscript_declaration":
                func_name = "subscript"
            elif config.resolve_function_name_fn is not None:
                # C/C++ style: use declarator
                declarator = node.child_by_field_name("declarator")
                func_name = None
                if declarator:
                    func_name = config.resolve_function_name_fn(declarator, source)
            else:
                name_node = node.child_by_field_name(config.name_field)
                if name_node is None:
                    for child in node.children:
                        if child.type in config.name_fallback_child_types:
                            name_node = child
                            break
                func_name = _read_text(name_node, source) if name_node else None

            if not func_name:
                return

            line = node.start_point[0] + 1
            if parent_class_nid:
                func_nid = _make_id(parent_class_nid, func_name)
                add_node(func_nid, f".{func_name}()", line)
                add_edge(parent_class_nid, func_nid, "method", line)
            else:
                func_nid = _make_id(stem, func_name)
                add_node(func_nid, f"{func_name}()", line)
                add_edge(file_nid, func_nid, "contains", line)
            callable_def_nids.add(func_nid)  # function / method def is callable
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_python":
                local_bound_names[func_nid] = _python_local_bound_names(node, source)
            elif config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript"):
                local_bound_names[func_nid] = _js_local_bound_names(node, source)

            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_python":
                params_node = node.child_by_field_name("parameters")
                for ref_name, role in _python_collect_param_refs(params_node, source):
                    ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "parameter_type"
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                    if target_nid != func_nid:
                        edges.append(
                            _semantic_reference_edge(func_nid, target_nid, ctx, str_path, line)
                        )
                return_type_node = node.child_by_field_name("return_type")
                if return_type_node is not None:
                    return_refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                    _python_collect_type_refs(return_type_node, source, False, return_refs)
                    for ref_name, role in return_refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "return_type"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != func_nid:
                            edges.append(
                                _semantic_reference_edge(func_nid, target_nid, ctx, str_path, line)
                            )

            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp":
                csharp_type_params = _csharp_type_parameters_in_scope(node, source)
                params_node = node.child_by_field_name("parameters")
                if params_node is not None:
                    for p in params_node.children:
                        if p.type != "parameter":
                            continue
                        type_node = p.child_by_field_name("type")
                        refs: list[tuple[str, str, bool, str]] = []
                        _csharp_collect_type_refs(
                            type_node, source, False, refs, csharp_type_params
                        )
                        for ref_name, role, qualified, qualifier in refs:
                            ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "parameter_type"
                            target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                            if target_nid != func_nid:
                                metadata = {"ref_token": ref_name}
                                if qualified:
                                    metadata["qualified"] = True
                                if qualifier:
                                    metadata["ref_qualifier"] = qualifier
                                add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line,
                                         context=ctx, metadata=metadata)
                return_node = node.child_by_field_name("returns")
                if return_node is not None:
                    refs: list[tuple[str, str, bool, str]] = []
                    _csharp_collect_type_refs(
                        return_node, source, False, refs, csharp_type_params
                    )
                    for ref_name, role, qualified, qualifier in refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "return_type"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != func_nid:
                            metadata = {"ref_token": ref_name}
                            if qualified:
                                metadata["qualified"] = True
                            if qualifier:
                                metadata["ref_qualifier"] = qualifier
                            add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line,
                                     context=ctx, metadata=metadata)
                for attr_name, qualified, qualifier in _csharp_attribute_names(node, source):
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(attr_name, line)
                    if target_nid != func_nid:
                        metadata = {"ref_token": attr_name}
                        if qualified:
                            metadata["qualified"] = True
                        if qualifier:
                            metadata["ref_qualifier"] = qualifier
                        add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line,
                                 context="attribute", metadata=metadata)

            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_java":
                params_node = node.child_by_field_name("parameters")
                if params_node is not None:
                    for p in params_node.children:
                        if p.type != "formal_parameter":
                            continue
                        type_node = p.child_by_field_name("type")
                        refs = []
                        _java_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                        for ref_name, role in refs:
                            ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "parameter_type"
                            target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                            if target_nid != func_nid:
                                add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)
                return_node = node.child_by_field_name("type")
                if return_node is not None:
                    refs = []
                    _java_collect_type_refs(return_node, source, False, refs)
                    for ref_name, role in refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "return_type"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != func_nid:
                            add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)
                for anno_name in _java_annotation_names(node, source):
                    target_nid = ensure_named_node(anno_name, line)
                    if target_nid != func_nid:
                        add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context="attribute")

            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_php":
                params_container = None
                for c in node.children:
                    if c.type == "formal_parameters":
                        params_container = c
                        break
                if params_container is not None:
                    for p in params_container.children:
                        # PHP 8 constructor property promotion (`__construct(private
                        # Repo $repo)`) parses the promoted param as
                        # property_promotion_parameter, not simple_parameter. Its
                        # type sits in the same direct named child shape, so accept
                        # both here; a promoted param is additionally a class field.
                        if p.type not in ("simple_parameter", "property_promotion_parameter"):
                            continue
                        is_promoted = p.type == "property_promotion_parameter"
                        type_node = None
                        for sub in p.children:
                            if sub.type in ("named_type", "primitive_type", "nullable_type",
                                             "union_type", "intersection_type", "optional_type"):
                                type_node = sub
                                break
                        refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                        _php_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                        for ref_name, role in refs:
                            ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "parameter_type"
                            target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                            if target_nid != func_nid:
                                add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)
                            # A promoted param declares a real class field; mirror
                            # the property_declaration field-context edge so the
                            # type is discoverable as a class field too.
                            if is_promoted and parent_class_nid and target_nid != parent_class_nid:
                                fctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "field"
                                add_edge(parent_class_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                         line, context=fctx)
                return_node = _php_method_return_type_node(node)
                if return_node is not None:
                    refs = []
                    _php_collect_type_refs(return_node, source, False, refs)
                    for ref_name, role in refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "return_type"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != func_nid:
                            add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)

            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_kotlin":
                params_container = None
                for c in node.children:
                    if c.type == "function_value_parameters":
                        params_container = c
                        break
                if params_container is not None:
                    for p in params_container.children:
                        if p.type != "parameter":
                            continue
                        param_type_node = None
                        for sub in p.children:
                            if sub.type in ("user_type", "nullable_type", "type_reference"):
                                param_type_node = sub
                                break
                        refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                        _kotlin_collect_type_refs(param_type_node, source, False, refs)
                        for ref_name, role in refs:
                            ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "parameter_type"
                            target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                            if target_nid != func_nid:
                                add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)
                return_type_node = _kotlin_function_return_type_node(node)
                if return_type_node is not None:
                    refs = []
                    _kotlin_collect_type_refs(return_type_node, source, False, refs)
                    for ref_name, role in refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "return_type"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != func_nid:
                            add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)

            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_swift":
                for p in node.children:
                    if p.type != "parameter":
                        continue
                    type_node = p.child_by_field_name("type")
                    refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                    _swift_collect_type_refs(type_node, source, False, refs)
                    param_type: str | None = None
                    for ref_name, role in refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "parameter_type"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != func_nid:
                            add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)
                        if param_type is None and role == "type":
                            param_type = ref_name
                    # #1356 Stage 2a: record param name -> type (flat per-file
                    # table; later params with the same name win, which is fine
                    # for the depth-1 member-call resolution we do).
                    if param_type:
                        name_node = p.child_by_field_name("name")
                        pname = _read_text(name_node, source) if name_node else None
                        if pname:
                            type_table[pname] = param_type
                return_node = node.child_by_field_name("return_type")
                if return_node is not None:
                    refs = []
                    _swift_collect_type_refs(return_node, source, False, refs)
                    for ref_name, role in refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "return_type"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != func_nid:
                            add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)

            if (config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript")
                    and func_name == "constructor"):
                params_node = node.child_by_field_name("parameters")
                if params_node is not None:
                    for p in params_node.children:
                        if p.type != "required_parameter":
                            continue
                        has_modifier = any(
                            c.type in ("accessibility_modifier", "readonly")
                            for c in p.children
                        )
                        if not has_modifier:
                            continue
                        name_n = p.child_by_field_name("pattern")
                        type_n = p.child_by_field_name("type")
                        if name_n is None or type_n is None:
                            continue
                        pname = _read_text(name_n, source)
                        for tc in type_n.children:
                            if tc.type == "type_identifier":
                                ptype = _read_text(tc, source)
                                if pname and ptype:
                                    type_table[pname] = ptype
                                break

            if config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_c", "tree_sitter_cpp"):
                collect = (_cpp_collect_type_refs if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_cpp"
                           else _c_collect_type_refs)
                return_node = node.child_by_field_name("type")
                if return_node is not None:
                    refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                    collect(return_node, source, False, refs)
                    for ref_name, role in refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "return_type"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != func_nid:
                            add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references", line, context=ctx)
                # function_declarator may be wrapped in pointer/reference declarators
                decl = node.child_by_field_name("declarator")
                while decl is not None and decl.type in (
                        "pointer_declarator", "reference_declarator"):
                    decl = decl.child_by_field_name("declarator")
                if decl is not None and decl.type == "function_declarator":
                    params_node = decl.child_by_field_name("parameters")
                    if params_node is not None:
                        for p in params_node.children:
                            if p.type != "parameter_declaration":
                                continue
                            ptype = p.child_by_field_name("type")
                            if ptype is None:
                                continue
                            refs = []
                            collect(ptype, source, False, refs)
                            for ref_name, role in refs:
                                ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "parameter_type"
                                target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                                if target_nid != func_nid:
                                    add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                             line, context=ctx)

            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_scala":
                params_node = None
                for c in node.children:
                    if c.type == "parameters":
                        params_node = c
                        break
                if params_node is not None:
                    for p in params_node.children:
                        if p.type != "parameter":
                            continue
                        ptype = p.child_by_field_name("type")
                        if ptype is None:
                            continue
                        refs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
                        _scala_collect_type_refs(ptype, source, False, refs)
                        for ref_name, role in refs:
                            ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "parameter_type"
                            target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                            if target_nid != func_nid:
                                add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                         line, context=ctx)
                return_node = node.child_by_field_name("return_type")
                if return_node is not None:
                    refs = []
                    _scala_collect_type_refs(return_node, source, False, refs)
                    for ref_name, role in refs:
                        ctx = "generic_arg" if role == "generic_arg" else "return_type"
                        target_nid = ensure_named_node(ref_name, line)
                        if target_nid != func_nid:
                            add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "references",
                                     line, context=ctx)

            body = _find_body(node, config)
            # JS/TS: capture `this.X = () => {}` / `this.X = function(){}`
            # assigned directly in this function/constructor body. They live
            # inside the body (otherwise only walked for calls), so without this
            # they are never emitted — the dominant miss on constructor-style
            # ("function Foo(){ this.bar = () => {} }") and many CommonJS repos.
            # Owner is the enclosing class when present (a constructor's methods
            # belong to the class), else the function itself.
            if body is not None and config.ts_module in (
                "tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript"
            ):
                this_owner_nid = parent_class_nid if parent_class_nid else func_nid
                for stmt in body.children:
                    if stmt.type != "expression_statement":
                        continue
                    assign = next((c for c in stmt.children
                                   if c.type == "assignment_expression"), None)
                    if assign is None:
                        continue
                    val = assign.child_by_field_name("right")
                    if val is None or val.type not in _JS_FUNCTION_VALUE_TYPES:
                        continue
                    tgt = _js_member_assignment_target(
                        assign.child_by_field_name("left"), source)
                    if tgt is None or tgt[0] != "this":
                        continue
                    m_name = tgt[2]
                    m_line = stmt.start_point[0] + 1
                    m_nid = _make_id(this_owner_nid, m_name)
                    add_node(m_nid, f".{m_name}()", m_line)
                    add_edge(this_owner_nid, m_nid, "method", m_line)
                    m_body = val.child_by_field_name("body")
                    if m_body:
                        function_bodies.append((m_nid, m_body))
            if body:
                function_bodies.append((func_nid, body))
            return

        # JS/TS arrow functions and C# namespaces — language-specific extra handling
        if config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript"):
            if _js_extra_walk(node, source, file_nid, stem, str_path,
                              nodes, edges, seen_ids, function_bodies,
                              parent_class_nid, add_node, add_edge,
                              callable_def_nids, local_bound_names):
                return

        # TS namespace / module containers (internal_module, module)
        if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_typescript":
            if _ts_extra_walk(node, source, file_nid, stem, str_path,
                              nodes, edges, seen_ids, function_bodies,
                              parent_class_nid, add_node, add_edge, walk):
                return

        if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp":
            if _csharp_extra_walk(node, source, file_nid, stem, str_path,
                                   nodes, edges, seen_ids, function_bodies,
                                   parent_class_nid, add_node, add_edge, walk,
                                   namespace_stack, scope_stack):
                return

        if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_swift":
            if _swift_extra_walk(node, source, file_nid, stem, str_path,
                                  nodes, edges, seen_ids, function_bodies,
                                  parent_class_nid, add_node, add_edge,
                                  ensure_named_node):
                return

        if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_java":
            if _java_extra_walk(node, source, file_nid, stem, str_path,
                                nodes, edges, seen_ids, function_bodies,
                                parent_class_nid, add_node, add_edge, walk):
                return

        if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_ruby":
            if _ruby_extra_walk(node, source, file_nid, stem, str_path,
                                nodes, edges, seen_ids, function_bodies,
                                parent_class_nid, add_node, add_edge, walk,
                                callable_def_nids):
                return

        # Python's `@property` / `@staticmethod` / `@classmethod` wrap the
        # inner function_definition in a `decorated_definition` node. The
        # default recurse below clears parent_class_nid, which would cause the
        # inner method to be emitted with a class-unqualified node id (e.g.
        # `file_baz` instead of `file_bar_baz`). That diverges from the
        # class-qualified id the rationale walker uses for the same method's
        # docstring, leaving the rationale edge dangling and the docstring
        # node orphaned (#1050). Treat decorated_definition as a transparent
        # wrapper so parent_class_nid propagates to the real function node.
        if t == "decorated_definition":
            for child in node.children:
                walk(child, parent_class_nid=parent_class_nid)
            return

        # Default: recurse
        for child in node.children:
            walk(child, parent_class_nid=None)

    walk(root)

    # ── Call-graph pass ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    label_to_nid: dict[str, str] = {}     # case-sensitive (Ruby, C#, Java, Kotlin, etc.)
    label_to_nid_ci: dict[str, str] = {}  # case-insensitive (PHP functions/classes)
    # nid -> source_file, so the indirect-dispatch guard can tell a genuine local
    # non-callable (reject) from an import-resolved foreign symbol whose definition
    # lives in another file (defer to the cross-file resolver). JS/TS named imports
    # surface the imported symbol's REAL node into this file's label map.
    nid_to_sf: dict[str, str] = {}
    for n in nodes:
        nid_to_sf[n["id"]] = str(n.get("source_file") or "")
        if n.get("type") == "namespace":
            continue
        raw = n["label"]
        normalised = raw.strip("()").lstrip(".")
        label_to_nid[normalised] = n["id"]
        label_to_nid_ci[normalised.lower()] = n["id"]

    seen_call_pairs: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
    seen_indirect_pairs: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()  # Python indirect_call dedup
    seen_dyn_import_pairs: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
    seen_static_ref_pairs: set[tuple[str, str, str]] = set()
    seen_helper_ref_pairs: set[tuple[str, str, str]] = set()
    seen_bind_pairs: set[tuple[str, str, str]] = set()
    raw_calls: list[dict] = []  # unresolved calls for cross-file resolution in extract()
    # Ruby: per-method `var -> ClassName` table from `var = Const.new` bindings,
    # populated before walk_calls runs. Lets member-call raw_calls carry a
    # receiver_type so the cross-file pass resolves `var.method` by type (#ruby).
    ruby_var_types: dict[str, dict[str, str | None]] = {}

    def _emit_indirect_by_name(ident_name: str, loc_node, scope_nid: str,
                               context: str) -> None:
        """Resolve a name that is referenced AS A VALUE to a real callable def and emit
        one INFERRED ``indirect_call`` edge — deferring an unknown / foreign name to the
        cross-file resolver, which applies the single-definition god-node guard and the
        GLOBAL callable-target check. The name is already extracted; scope filtering is
        the CALLER's job: an identifier reference must reject param/local shadows (a bare
        name IS a binding — see ``_emit_indirect_ref``), whereas a ``getattr(obj, "x")``
        string names an ATTRIBUTE and is never shadowed by a local, so that path passes
        the name straight through. ``loc_node`` supplies the source line.
        """
        ref_nid = label_to_nid.get(ident_name)
        # Defer to the cross-file resolver when the name is not defined in this file
        # (`from .h import fn`), or resolves to an import-surfaced FOREIGN symbol whose
        # definition (and callability) lives in another file (JS/TS named imports map
        # the real node into this file's label map). The cross-file pass applies the
        # single-definition god-node guard plus the GLOBAL callable-target check, so a
        # foreign non-callable (an imported data const) still produces no edge.
        if ref_nid is None or (
            ref_nid not in callable_def_nids and nid_to_sf.get(ref_nid, "") != str_path
        ):
            raw_calls.append({
                "caller_nid": scope_nid,
                "callee": ident_name,
                "is_member_call": False,
                "indirect": True,
                "context": context,
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{loc_node.start_point[0] + 1}",
            })
            return
        if ref_nid == scope_nid or ref_nid not in callable_def_nids:
            return  # self-ref, or a same-named LOCAL non-callable data node — no edge
        if (scope_nid, ref_nid) in seen_call_pairs:
            return  # already a direct call to this target
        if (scope_nid, ref_nid) in seen_indirect_pairs:
            return
        seen_indirect_pairs.add((scope_nid, ref_nid))
        edges.append({
            "source": scope_nid,
            "target": ref_nid,
            "relation": "indirect_call",
            "context": context,
            "confidence": "INFERRED",
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{loc_node.start_point[0] + 1}",
            "weight": 1.0,
        })

    def _emit_indirect_ref(ident, scope_nid: str, enclosing_locals, context: str) -> None:
        """A function referenced BY NAME — passed as a call argument, or listed as a
        value in a dispatch table — is an indirect dependency of ``scope_nid``. Emit
        it as a distinct INFERRED ``indirect_call`` (kept out of the precise ``calls``
        relation) only when the name resolves to a real callable and is NOT shadowed
        by a parameter / local binding. A callback defined in another file is deferred
        to the cross-file resolver via an ``indirect`` raw_call carrying its context.
        Language-agnostic; shared by the call-argument and dispatch-table capture
        paths for Python and JS/TS (#1565, #1566).
        """
        if ident is None or ident.type not in ("identifier", "shorthand_property_identifier"):
            return
        ident_name = _read_text(ident, source)
        # shadowing: a param / local binding names a local value, not the module fn
        if ident_name in enclosing_locals or ident_name in ("self", "cls"):
            return
        _emit_indirect_by_name(ident_name, ident, scope_nid, context)

    def _python_dispatch_value_idents(coll_node):
        """Yield the identifier value-nodes of a dict/list/set/tuple literal that are
        function-reference candidates: dict VALUES (never keys), and the elements of a
        list/set/tuple. Nested collections are reached by the caller's own recursion."""
        if coll_node.type == "dictionary":
            for pair in coll_node.children:
                if pair.type == "pair":
                    val = pair.child_by_field_name("value")
                    if val is not None and val.type == "identifier":
                        yield val
        else:  # list / set / tuple
            for el in coll_node.children:
                if el.type == "identifier":
                    yield el

    def _python_ref_value_idents(value_node):
        """Identifiers on the VALUE side of an assignment RHS or a return: a bare name
        (`cb = handler`, `return handler`) or the elements of a bare unpack
        (`a, b = f, g`). A collection LITERAL on the RHS (`cb = [f]`, `cb = (f, g)`) is a
        dispatch table reached by the normal recursion, so it is not handled here."""
        if value_node is None:
            return
        if value_node.type == "identifier":
            yield value_node
        elif value_node.type == "expression_list":
            for ch in value_node.children:
                if ch.type == "identifier":
                    yield ch

    def _getattr_ref_name(call_node):
        """If ``call_node`` is a builtin ``getattr(obj, "name"[, default])`` whose name
        argument is a PLAIN string literal, return ``(name, string_node)``: the string
        names an attribute looked up by that exact name, so it resolves to a callable
        def of the same label. A dynamic name — a variable, an f-string, a concatenation,
        any expression — is not statically resolvable and yields ``None`` (no edge is
        manufactured), as do the 1-arg form and ``obj.getattr(...)`` (a method, not the
        builtin). Unlike an identifier, a string is an attribute name and is never
        shadowed by a param/local, so callers resolve it without the shadow guard.
        """
        fn = call_node.child_by_field_name("function")
        if fn is None or fn.type != "identifier" or _read_text(fn, source) != "getattr":
            return None
        args = call_node.child_by_field_name("arguments")
        if args is None:
            return None
        positional = [c for c in args.children
                      if c.is_named and c.type not in ("keyword_argument", "comment")]
        if len(positional) < 2:
            return None
        name_node = positional[1]
        if name_node.type != "string" or any(
            ch.type == "interpolation" for ch in name_node.children
        ):
            return None  # variable, f-string, concatenation, or expression — dynamic
        content = next(
            (ch for ch in name_node.children if ch.type == "string_content"), None)
        if content is None:
            return None  # empty string "" — no attribute name
        return _read_text(content, source), name_node

    def _php_class_const_scope(n) -> str | None:
        scope = n.child_by_field_name("scope")
        if scope is None:
            for c in n.children:
                if c.is_named and c.type in ("name", "qualified_name", "identifier"):
                    scope = c
                    break
        if scope is None:
            return None
        return _read_text(scope, source)

    _tracked_body_ids: set[int] = set()
    _JS_CLOSURE_TYPES = ("arrow_function", "function_expression")

    def walk_calls(node, caller_nid: str) -> None:
        if node.type in config.function_boundary_types:
            # JS/TS: an inline/returned closure not separately tracked in
            # function_bodies would otherwise drop its calls at this boundary.
            # Descend into it with the enclosing caller so `return () =>
            # svc.doThing()` links to the caller (#1630). Tracked closures
            # (const-assigned arrows) are walked with their own nid — skip to
            # avoid double-counting.
            if (config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript")
                    and node.type in _JS_CLOSURE_TYPES):
                body = node.child_by_field_name("body")
                if body is not None and id(body) not in _tracked_body_ids:
                    for child in node.children:
                        walk_calls(child, caller_nid)
            return

        if node.type in config.call_types:
            # JS/TS dynamic imports: await import('./foo.js')
            if config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript"):
                if _dynamic_import_js(node, source, caller_nid, str_path,
                                      edges, seen_dyn_import_pairs):
                    # Still recurse into children (import().then(...) may have calls)
                    for child in node.children:
                        walk_calls(child, caller_nid)
                    return

            callee_name: str | None = None
            is_member_call: bool = False
            is_this_field_call: bool = False
            swift_receiver: str | None = None
            member_receiver: str | None = None

            # Special handling per language
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_swift":
                # Swift: first child may be simple_identifier or navigation_expression
                first = node.children[0] if node.children else None
                if first:
                    if first.type == "simple_identifier":
                        callee_name = _read_text(first, source)
                    elif first.type == "navigation_expression":
                        is_member_call = True
                        for child in first.children:
                            if child.type == "navigation_suffix":
                                for sc in child.children:
                                    if sc.type == "simple_identifier":
                                        callee_name = _read_text(sc, source)
                        # #1356: capture the receiver so the cross-file pass can
                        # resolve it through the file's type table.
                        recv_node = first.children[0] if first.children else None
                        swift_receiver = _swift_receiver_name(recv_node, source)
            elif config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_kotlin":
                # Kotlin: first child may be simple_identifier/identifier or
                # navigation_expression. PyPI's `tree_sitter_kotlin` produces
                # `identifier` for plain identifier nodes; older grammar
                # versions (including the JVM `io.github.bonede:tree-sitter-kotlin`
                # binding) produce `simple_identifier`. Accept both.
                first = node.children[0] if node.children else None
                if first:
                    if first.type in ("simple_identifier", "identifier"):
                        callee_name = _read_text(first, source)
                    elif first.type == "navigation_expression":
                        is_member_call = True
                        for child in reversed(first.children):
                            if child.type in ("simple_identifier", "identifier"):
                                callee_name = _read_text(child, source)
                                break
            elif config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_scala":
                # Scala: first child
                first = node.children[0] if node.children else None
                if first:
                    if first.type == "identifier":
                        callee_name = _read_text(first, source)
                    elif first.type == "field_expression":
                        is_member_call = True
                        field = first.child_by_field_name("field")
                        if field:
                            callee_name = _read_text(field, source)
                        else:
                            for child in reversed(first.children):
                                if child.type == "identifier":
                                    callee_name = _read_text(child, source)
                                    break
            elif config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp" and node.type == "invocation_expression":
                # C#: the invoked function is the `function` field. A member call
                # `recv.Method(...)` is a member_access_expression (receiver in its
                # `expression` field, method in `name`). Capture a simple-identifier
                # or `this` receiver + set is_member_call so the receiver-typed
                # resolver (_resolve_csharp_member_calls) can bind it to the
                # receiver's declared type. Without this the bare method name matched
                # any same-named method in the corpus, silently mis-resolving
                # `_server.Save()` to an unrelated `Cache.Save()` (#1609).
                fn_node = node.child_by_field_name("function")
                if fn_node is not None and fn_node.type == "member_access_expression":
                    mname = fn_node.child_by_field_name("name")
                    recv = fn_node.child_by_field_name("expression")
                    if mname is not None:
                        callee_name = _read_text(mname, source)
                        is_member_call = True
                        if recv is not None and recv.type == "identifier":
                            member_receiver = _read_text(recv, source)
                        elif recv is not None and recv.type == "this_expression":
                            member_receiver = "this"
                elif fn_node is not None and fn_node.type == "identifier":
                    callee_name = _read_text(fn_node, source)
                else:
                    # Fallback: original name-field / first-named-child scan.
                    name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
                    if name_node:
                        callee_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
                    else:
                        for child in node.children:
                            if child.is_named:
                                raw = _read_text(child, source)
                                if "." in raw:
                                    callee_name = raw.split(".")[-1]
                                    is_member_call = True
                                    parts = raw.split(".")
                                    if len(parts) == 2 and parts[0]:
                                        member_receiver = parts[0]
                                else:
                                    callee_name = raw
                                break
            elif config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_php":
                # PHP: distinguish call expression subtypes
                if node.type == "function_call_expression":
                    func_node = node.child_by_field_name("function")
                    if func_node:
                        callee_name = _read_text(func_node, source)
                elif node.type == "scoped_call_expression":
                    # Static method call: Helper::format() → callee = "Helper"
                    scope_node = node.child_by_field_name("scope")
                    if scope_node:
                        callee_name = _read_text(scope_node, source)
                else:
                    # member_call_expression: $obj->method()
                    is_member_call = True
                    name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
                    if name_node:
                        callee_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
            elif config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_cpp":
                # C++: function field, then field_expression/qualified_identifier
                func_node = node.child_by_field_name(config.call_function_field) if config.call_function_field else None
                if func_node:
                    if func_node.type == "identifier":
                        callee_name = _read_text(func_node, source)
                    elif func_node.type == "field_expression":
                        # `f.bar()` / `f->bar()` / `this->bar()`: receiver is the
                        # `argument` (object) field, callee is the `field` (#1547).
                        # Capture a simple-identifier (or `this`) receiver so the
                        # cross-file pass can resolve it through the file's type
                        # table; chained receivers (`a.b.method()`) are left to bail.
                        is_member_call = True
                        name = func_node.child_by_field_name("field")
                        if name:
                            callee_name = _read_text(name, source)
                        obj = func_node.child_by_field_name("argument")
                        if obj is not None and obj.type == "identifier":
                            member_receiver = _read_text(obj, source)
                        elif obj is not None and obj.type == "this":
                            member_receiver = "this"
                    elif func_node.type == "qualified_identifier":
                        # `Foo::bar()`: the scope (`Foo`) is the receiver type named
                        # explicitly in source (EXTRACTED), the name is the callee.
                        is_member_call = True
                        name = func_node.child_by_field_name("name")
                        if name:
                            callee_name = _read_text(name, source)
                        scope = func_node.child_by_field_name("scope")
                        if scope is not None:
                            member_receiver = _read_text(scope, source)
            elif config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_java" and node.type == "object_creation_expression":
                # `new Foo(...)` — the constructed type is in the `type` field, not
                # `name`, so the generic path misses it (#1373). Reduce a qualified
                # / generic type to its simple name (com.a.Foo<Bar> -> Foo). Java
                # method_invocation still flows through the generic branch below.
                type_node = node.child_by_field_name("type")
                if type_node is not None:
                    raw = _read_text(type_node, source).split("<", 1)[0].strip()
                    if raw:
                        callee_name = raw.rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
            elif config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_ruby":
                # Ruby's `call` node carries `receiver` and `method` as direct
                # fields (no intermediate accessor node), so the generic accessor
                # model doesn't apply. Read them directly and capture a simple
                # receiver (`p` in `p.run`, `Processor` in `Processor.new`) so the
                # cross-file pass can resolve member calls by the receiver's type.
                meth = node.child_by_field_name("method")
                if meth is not None:
                    callee_name = _read_text(meth, source)
                recv = node.child_by_field_name("receiver")
                if recv is not None:
                    is_member_call = True
                    if recv.type in ("identifier", "constant"):
                        member_receiver = _read_text(recv, source)
                    elif recv.type == "scope_resolution":
                        # Namespaced receiver `Billing::Processor.call` — capture the
                        # last constant so cross-file resolution can bind it by the
                        # bare class name (the god-node guard bails if ambiguous).
                        member_receiver = _ruby_const_last_name(recv, source) or None
            else:
                # Generic: get callee from call_function_field
                func_node = node.child_by_field_name(config.call_function_field) if config.call_function_field else None
                if func_node:
                    if func_node.type == "identifier":
                        callee_name = _read_text(func_node, source)
                    elif func_node.type in config.call_accessor_node_types:
                        is_member_call = True
                        if config.call_accessor_field:
                            attr = func_node.child_by_field_name(config.call_accessor_field)
                            if attr:
                                callee_name = _read_text(attr, source)
                        if config.call_accessor_object_field:
                            # Capture a simple-identifier receiver (e.g. `ClassName`
                            # in `ClassName.method()`) so cross-file member-call
                            # resolution can resolve qualified class-method calls
                            # (#1446). Chained receivers (`a.b.method()`) are skipped
                            # UNLESS the chain is `this.field.method()` (#1316).
                            obj = func_node.child_by_field_name(config.call_accessor_object_field)
                            if obj is not None and obj.type == "identifier":
                                member_receiver = _read_text(obj, source)
                            elif (obj is not None
                                  and obj.type in config.call_accessor_node_types
                                  and config.call_accessor_object_field):
                                inner_obj = obj.child_by_field_name(config.call_accessor_object_field)
                                if inner_obj is not None and inner_obj.type == "this":
                                    inner_prop = obj.child_by_field_name(config.call_accessor_field)
                                    if inner_prop is not None:
                                        member_receiver = _read_text(inner_prop, source)
                                        is_this_field_call = True
                    else:
                        # Try reading the node directly (e.g. Java name field is the callee)
                        callee_name = _read_text(func_node, source)

            if callee_name and callee_name not in _LANGUAGE_BUILTIN_GLOBALS:
                # A capitalized-receiver member call (`ClassName.method()`) must defer
                # to receiver-based cross-file resolution: the bare method name can
                # collide with an in-file node — even the calling method itself, when a
                # viewset action delegates to a same-named service action — which would
                # match `tgt_nid == caller_nid` and silently drop the call (#1446). The
                # captured receiver is resolved later in _resolve_python_member_calls.
                # C#: ANY member call with a captured receiver defers to the
                # receiver-typed resolver — a bare method-name match ignores the
                # receiver's declared type and mis-binds to an unrelated same-named
                # method (#1609). The receiver may be lowercase (`_server.Save()`),
                # so this is broader than the capitalized/this-field Python rule.
                _csharp_defer = (
                    config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp"
                    and is_member_call and member_receiver
                )
                if is_member_call and member_receiver and (
                    member_receiver[:1].isupper() or is_this_field_call or _csharp_defer
                ):
                    tgt_nid = None
                else:
                    tgt_nid = label_to_nid.get(callee_name)
                if tgt_nid and tgt_nid != caller_nid:
                    pair = (caller_nid, tgt_nid)
                    if pair not in seen_call_pairs:
                        seen_call_pairs.add(pair)
                        line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                        edges.append({
                            "source": caller_nid,
                            "target": tgt_nid,
                            "relation": "calls",
                            "context": "call",
                            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                            "source_file": str_path,
                            "source_location": f"L{line}",
                            "weight": 1.0,
                        })
                elif callee_name and not tgt_nid:
                    # Callee not in this file — save for cross-file resolution in extract()
                    rc_entry = {
                        "caller_nid": caller_nid,
                        "callee": callee_name,
                        "is_member_call": is_member_call,
                        "source_file": str_path,
                        "source_location": f"L{node.start_point[0] + 1}",
                        "receiver": swift_receiver or member_receiver,
                    }
                    # Ruby: attach the receiver's inferred type from the method's
                    # local `var = Const.new` bindings, when unambiguously known.
                    if member_receiver and config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_ruby":
                        rc_entry["receiver_type"] = ruby_var_types.get(
                            caller_nid, {}
                        ).get(member_receiver)
                    # Tag the C++ raw_call's language so the cross-file C++ resolver
                    # claims it unambiguously: a `.h` file routes to extract_cpp or
                    # extract_objc by content, and both resolvers see `.h` in their
                    # suffix sets, so a source_file suffix alone can't separate them.
                    if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_cpp":
                        rc_entry["lang"] = "cpp"
                    # C#: tag the raw_call so _resolve_csharp_member_calls claims it
                    # and types the receiver against the file's field/param/local
                    # type table (#1609).
                    if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp":
                        rc_entry["lang"] = "csharp"
                    raw_calls.append(rc_entry)

            # Indirect dispatch: a function passed BY NAME as a call argument
            # (executor.submit(fn), Thread(target=fn), map(fn, xs)) is a real dependency
            # the callee-only scan above can't see. Emit it as a distinct `indirect_call`
            # relation so strict `calls` queries stay precise while affected/blast-radius
            # picks up the edge. Python only for now; dispatch via dict literals, getattr
            # or decorators lives in other AST nodes and is left to a follow-up.
            #
            # Emission is general across call targets (no submit/map/Thread allow-list):
            # the value is catching a callback passed to ANY function. Two guards keep
            # it sound — without them an identifier merely matching a node label produced
            # false edges for the idiomatic shadow case and for plain data variables:
            #   1. SHADOWING — skip an argument that is a parameter or local binding of
            #      the enclosing function; it names a local value, not the module fn.
            #   2. CALLABLE TARGET — resolve only to a function / method / class def, so
            #      `process(config)` can't point at a same-named non-callable node.
            if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_python":
                args_node = node.child_by_field_name("arguments")
                if args_node is not None:
                    enclosing_locals = local_bound_names.get(caller_nid, frozenset())
                    for arg in args_node.children:
                        if arg.type == "identifier":
                            _emit_indirect_ref(arg, caller_nid, enclosing_locals, "argument")
                        elif arg.type == "keyword_argument":
                            _emit_indirect_ref(
                                arg.child_by_field_name("value"),
                                caller_nid, enclosing_locals, "argument")
                # Reflective dispatch: getattr(obj, "handler") names a callable by
                # string literal (#1566 slice 3). The string is an ATTRIBUTE name, not
                # an identifier binding, so it is never shadowed by a param/local — it
                # resolves straight to the callable, bypassing the identifier shadow
                # guard. A dynamic name (getattr(obj, name)) is unresolvable → no edge.
                getattr_ref = _getattr_ref_name(node)
                if getattr_ref is not None:
                    ref_name, loc = getattr_ref
                    _emit_indirect_by_name(ref_name, loc, caller_nid, "getattr")
            elif config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript"):
                # JS/TS: a callback passed by name (`arr.map(fn)`, `setTimeout(fn)`,
                # `el.addEventListener("x", fn)`). Positional identifier args only —
                # inline arrows/function expressions are direct definitions, not a
                # by-name reference. No keyword args in JS (named args are objects,
                # handled by the collection pass).
                args_node = node.child_by_field_name("arguments")
                if args_node is not None:
                    enclosing_locals = local_bound_names.get(caller_nid, frozenset())
                    for arg in args_node.children:
                        if arg.type == "identifier":
                            _emit_indirect_ref(arg, caller_nid, enclosing_locals, "argument")

            # Helper function calls: config('foo.bar') → uses_config edge to "foo"
            if (callee_name and callee_name in config.helper_fn_names):
                args_node = node.child_by_field_name("arguments")
                first_key: str | None = None
                if args_node:
                    for arg in args_node.children:
                        if arg.type != "argument":
                            continue
                        for inner in arg.children:
                            if inner.type == "string":
                                for sc in inner.children:
                                    if sc.type == "string_content":
                                        first_key = _read_text(sc, source)
                                        break
                                break
                        if first_key:
                            break
                if first_key:
                    segment = first_key.split(".")[0]
                    tgt_nid = (label_to_nid_ci.get(segment.lower())
                               or label_to_nid_ci.get(f"{segment}.php".lower()))
                    if tgt_nid and tgt_nid != caller_nid:
                        relation = f"uses_{callee_name}"
                        pair3 = (caller_nid, tgt_nid, relation)
                        if pair3 not in seen_helper_ref_pairs:
                            seen_helper_ref_pairs.add(pair3)
                            line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                            edges.append({
                                "source": caller_nid,
                                "target": tgt_nid,
                                "relation": relation,
                                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                                "confidence_score": 1.0,
                                "source_file": str_path,
                                "source_location": f"L{line}",
                                "weight": 1.0,
                            })

            # Service container bindings: $this->app->bind(Foo::class, Bar::class)
            if (node.type == "member_call_expression"
                    and callee_name
                    and callee_name in config.container_bind_methods):
                args_node = node.child_by_field_name("arguments")
                class_args: list[str] = []
                if args_node:
                    for arg in args_node.children:
                        if arg.type != "argument":
                            continue
                        for inner in arg.children:
                            if inner.type == "class_constant_access_expression":
                                cls = _php_class_const_scope(inner)
                                if cls:
                                    class_args.append(cls)
                                break
                        if len(class_args) >= 2:
                            break
                if len(class_args) == 2:
                    contract_name, impl_name = class_args
                    contract_nid = label_to_nid_ci.get(contract_name.lower())
                    impl_nid = label_to_nid_ci.get(impl_name.lower())
                    if contract_nid and impl_nid and contract_nid != impl_nid:
                        pair3 = (contract_nid, impl_nid, "bound_to")
                        if pair3 not in seen_bind_pairs:
                            seen_bind_pairs.add(pair3)
                            line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                            edges.append({
                                "source": contract_nid,
                                "target": impl_nid,
                                "relation": "bound_to",
                                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                                "confidence_score": 1.0,
                                "source_file": str_path,
                                "source_location": f"L{line}",
                                "weight": 1.0,
                            })

        # Static property access: Foo::$bar → uses_static_prop edge
        if node.type in config.static_prop_types:
            scope_node = node.child_by_field_name("scope")
            if scope_node is None:
                for child in node.children:
                    if child.is_named and child.type in ("name", "qualified_name", "identifier"):
                        scope_node = child
                        break
            if scope_node is not None:
                class_name = _read_text(scope_node, source)
                tgt_nid = label_to_nid_ci.get(class_name.lower())
                if tgt_nid and tgt_nid != caller_nid:
                    pair3 = (caller_nid, tgt_nid, "uses_static_prop")
                    if pair3 not in seen_static_ref_pairs:
                        seen_static_ref_pairs.add(pair3)
                        line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                        edges.append({
                            "source": caller_nid,
                            "target": tgt_nid,
                            "relation": "uses_static_prop",
                            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                            "confidence_score": 1.0,
                            "source_file": str_path,
                            "source_location": f"L{line}",
                            "weight": 1.0,
                        })

        # PHP class constant access: Foo::BAR → references_constant edge
        if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_php" and node.type == "class_constant_access_expression":
            class_name = _php_class_const_scope(node)
            if class_name:
                tgt_nid = label_to_nid_ci.get(class_name.lower())
                if tgt_nid and tgt_nid != caller_nid:
                    pair3 = (caller_nid, tgt_nid, "references_constant")
                    if pair3 not in seen_static_ref_pairs:
                        seen_static_ref_pairs.add(pair3)
                        line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                        edges.append({
                            "source": caller_nid,
                            "target": tgt_nid,
                            "relation": "references_constant",
                            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                            "confidence_score": 1.0,
                            "source_file": str_path,
                            "source_location": f"L{line}",
                            "weight": 1.0,
                        })

        # Dispatch tables (#1566): a function listed as a value in a dict/list/set/
        # tuple literal inside this body is an indirect dependency of the enclosing
        # function. Reuses the shared resolve-and-emit guard (callable-target-only,
        # not shadowed by a param/local, cross-file deferral).
        if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_python" and node.type in (
            "dictionary", "list", "set", "tuple"
        ):
            enclosing_locals = local_bound_names.get(caller_nid, frozenset())
            for ident in _python_dispatch_value_idents(node):
                _emit_indirect_ref(ident, caller_nid, enclosing_locals, "collection")
        elif config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript") \
                and node.type in ("object", "array"):
            enclosing_locals = local_bound_names.get(caller_nid, frozenset())
            for ident in _js_dispatch_value_idents(node):
                _emit_indirect_ref(ident, caller_nid, enclosing_locals, "collection")

        # Assignment / return references (#1566 slice 2): a function bound to a name
        # (cb = handler) or returned from a factory (return handler) is an indirect
        # dependency of the enclosing function. The VALUE side only -- the assignment
        # TARGET is a new local binding, not a reference -- so the shared shadow guard
        # still holds (a param/local named on the RHS is the local, not the module fn).
        if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_python" and node.type == "assignment":
            enclosing_locals = local_bound_names.get(caller_nid, frozenset())
            for ident in _python_ref_value_idents(node.child_by_field_name("right")):
                _emit_indirect_ref(ident, caller_nid, enclosing_locals, "assignment")
        elif config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_python" and node.type == "return_statement":
            enclosing_locals = local_bound_names.get(caller_nid, frozenset())
            value = next((c for c in node.children if c.is_named), None)
            for ident in _python_ref_value_idents(value):
                _emit_indirect_ref(ident, caller_nid, enclosing_locals, "return")

        for child in node.children:
            walk_calls(child, caller_nid)

    if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_ruby":
        for caller_nid, body_node in function_bodies:
            ruby_var_types[caller_nid] = _ruby_local_class_bindings(body_node, source)

    # C++: build the per-file `var -> ClassName` table from local declarations in
    # every function body so the cross-file member-call pass can type a receiver
    # (#1547). File-scoped (not per-body): a later body's `Foo f;` doesn't clobber
    # an earlier binding (`var not in table`), keeping resolution conservative.
    if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_cpp":
        for _caller_nid, body_node in function_bodies:
            _cpp_local_var_types(body_node, source, type_table)

    # Swift: type local `let x = Type()` / `let x = Type.shared` bindings inside
    # method bodies so `x.method()` on a later line resolves — class-level
    # properties are typed in the walk, but method-body locals were not (#1604).
    if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_swift":
        for _caller_nid, body_node in function_bodies:
            _swift_local_var_types(body_node, source, type_table)

    # JS/TS: bodies already walked with their own caller_nid (const-assigned
    # arrows, methods). An INLINE/returned arrow or function-expression that is
    # NOT separately tracked (e.g. `return () => svc.doThing()`) is otherwise
    # skipped at the arrow boundary in walk_calls, losing its calls — so let
    # walk_calls descend into such untracked closures with the enclosing caller
    # (#1630 Pattern B). Guarding on the tracked set prevents double-walking.
    _tracked_body_ids.update(id(b) for _, b in function_bodies)

    for caller_nid, body_node in function_bodies:
        walk_calls(body_node, caller_nid)

    # #1356: walk property/field initializers (collected above). walk_calls
    # self-guards against re-entering function bodies and dedups via
    # seen_call_pairs, so a closure inside an initializer is not double-walked.
    for owner_nid, init_node in initializer_nodes:
        walk_calls(init_node, owner_nid)

    # ── Event listener pass ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
    seen_listen_pairs: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
    for event_name, listener_name, line in pending_listen_edges:
        event_nid = label_to_nid_ci.get(event_name.lower())
        listener_nid = label_to_nid_ci.get(listener_name.lower())
        if not event_nid or not listener_nid or event_nid == listener_nid:
            continue
        pair2 = (event_nid, listener_nid)
        if pair2 in seen_listen_pairs:
            continue
        seen_listen_pairs.add(pair2)
        edges.append({
            "source": event_nid,
            "target": listener_nid,
            "relation": "listened_by",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            "confidence_score": 1.0,
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
            "weight": 1.0,
        })

    # ── Module-level dispatch tables (#1566) ──────────────────────────────────
    # A function listed as a value in a TOP-LEVEL dict/list/set/tuple literal (a
    # route / handler registry) is an indirect dependency of the file. Attributed
    # to the file node. Function and class bodies are walked above, so this scan
    # stops at their boundaries — it must not re-attribute a method's local table
    # to the file, and class-attribute tables are a later refinement.
    if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_python":
        module_bound = _python_module_bound_names(root, source)

        def _scan_module_dispatch(n) -> None:
            if n.type in ("function_definition", "class_definition"):
                return
            if n.type in ("dictionary", "list", "set", "tuple"):
                for ident in _python_dispatch_value_idents(n):
                    _emit_indirect_ref(ident, file_nid, module_bound, "collection")
            elif n.type == "assignment":
                # Module-level alias / re-export: CALLBACK = handler
                for ident in _python_ref_value_idents(n.child_by_field_name("right")):
                    _emit_indirect_ref(ident, file_nid, module_bound, "assignment")
            elif n.type == "call":
                # Module-level reflective dispatch: HANDLER = getattr(mod, "handler")
                # (#1566 slice 3). Attributed to the file node, like a module table.
                getattr_ref = _getattr_ref_name(n)
                if getattr_ref is not None:
                    ref_name, loc = getattr_ref
                    _emit_indirect_by_name(ref_name, loc, file_nid, "getattr")
            for c in n.children:
                _scan_module_dispatch(c)

        _scan_module_dispatch(root)
    elif config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript"):
        js_module_bound = _js_module_bound_names(root, source)

        def _scan_js_module_dispatch(n) -> None:
            if n.type in _JS_SCOPE_BOUNDARY:
                return  # function / class bodies are walked separately
            if n.type in ("object", "array"):
                for ident in _js_dispatch_value_idents(n):
                    _emit_indirect_ref(ident, file_nid, js_module_bound, "collection")
            elif n.type in ("call_expression", "new_expression"):
                # Module-level callback registration is idiomatic in JS — Express
                # routes (`app.get("/", handler)`), event wiring (`emitter.on("e",
                # handler)`), `setTimeout(fn)`. Capture identifier args as indirect
                # refs of the file (inline arrows are direct defs, not by-name refs).
                margs = n.child_by_field_name("arguments")
                if margs is not None:
                    for marg in margs.children:
                        if marg.type == "identifier":
                            _emit_indirect_ref(marg, file_nid, js_module_bound, "argument")
            for c in n.children:
                _scan_js_module_dispatch(c)

        _scan_js_module_dispatch(root)

    # ── Clean edges ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    valid_ids = seen_ids
    clean_edges = []
    for edge in edges:
        src, tgt = edge["source"], edge["target"]
        if src in valid_ids and (tgt in valid_ids or edge["relation"] in ("imports", "imports_from", "re_exports")):
            clean_edges.append(edge)

    # Ruby mixins were collected during the node walk (before raw_calls existed);
    # fold them in so the cross-file resolver sees them (#1668).
    if _ruby_mixin_calls:
        raw_calls.extend(_ruby_mixin_calls)
    result = {"nodes": nodes, "edges": clean_edges, "raw_calls": raw_calls}
    if callable_def_nids:
        # Mark function / method / class defs with a `_callable` attribute so the
        # cross-file indirect_call pass can resolve a by-name callback only to a real
        # callable (never a same-named data symbol). A marker rides on the node dict
        # and survives the id-remap / disambiguation passes in extract(); a pre-remap
        # id set would go stale and silently drop every cross-file indirect edge when
        # ids are relativized (#1566 regression). Stripped before output, like origin_file.
        for n in nodes:
            if n["id"] in callable_def_nids:
                n["_callable"] = True
    if swift_extensions:
        result["swift_extensions"] = swift_extensions
    # TS/JS: augment the constructor-injection type table with local `new`
    # bindings and type-annotated parameters, so `const s = new Svc(); s.m()` and
    # a call on a typed param (incl. inside a closure) resolve (#1630). The
    # constructor-injection entries are populated during the walk above and win on
    # a name clash (first-binding-wins in the helper).
    if config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript"):
        _ts_receiver_type_table(root, source, type_table)
    if type_table:
        if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_swift":
            result["swift_type_table"] = {"path": str_path, "table": type_table}
        elif config.ts_module in ("tree_sitter_javascript", "tree_sitter_typescript"):
            result["ts_type_table"] = {"path": str_path, "table": type_table}
        elif config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_cpp":
            result["cpp_type_table"] = {"path": str_path, "table": type_table}
    # C#: a file-wide receiver type table (field/property/param/local -> Type) for
    # _resolve_csharp_member_calls (#1609). Built from the whole tree, not just
    # function bodies, so class-level fields/properties are in scope for every method.
    if config.ts_module == "tree_sitter_c_sharp":
        cs_table = _csharp_member_type_table(root, source)
        if cs_table:
            result["csharp_type_table"] = {"path": str_path, "table": cs_table}
    return result


# ── Python rationale extraction ───────────────────────────────────────────────

_RATIONALE_PREFIXES = ("# NOTE:", "# IMPORTANT:", "# HACK:", "# WHY:", "# RATIONALE:", "# TODO:", "# FIXME:")


def _is_autogenerated_python(source: bytes) -> bool:
    """Return True if this Python file is auto-generated and its module docstring is noise.

    Covers: Alembic/Flask-Migrate revisions, Django migrations, protobuf/gRPC/OpenAPI stubs.
    Module docstrings in these files are change annotations or boilerplate, not rationale.
    """
    head = source[:2048].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
    # Generic generated-file markers (protobuf, gRPC, OpenAPI codegen, etc.)
    if any(m in head for m in ("DO NOT EDIT", "@generated", "Generated by the protocol buffer")):
        return True
    # Alembic / Flask-Migrate revision files
    if (re.search(r"^revision\s*[:=]", head, re.MULTILINE)
            and "def upgrade(" in head
            and "down_revision" in head):
        return True
    # Django migrations
    if "class Migration(migrations.Migration)" in head and "operations" in head:
        return True
    return False


def _extract_python_rationale(path: Path, result: dict) -> None:
    """Post-pass: extract docstrings and rationale comments from Python source.
    Mutates result in-place by appending to result['nodes'] and result['edges'].
    """
    try:
        import tree_sitter_python as tspython
        from tree_sitter import Language, Parser
        language = Language(tspython.language())
        parser = Parser(language)
        source = path.read_bytes()
        tree = parser.parse(source)
        root = tree.root_node
    except Exception:
        return

    stem = _file_stem(path)
    str_path = str(path)
    nodes = result["nodes"]
    edges = result["edges"]
    seen_ids = {n["id"] for n in nodes}
    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))

    def _get_docstring(body_node) -> tuple[str, int] | None:
        if not body_node:
            return None
        for child in body_node.children:
            if child.type == "expression_statement":
                for sub in child.children:
                    if sub.type in ("string", "concatenated_string"):
                        text = source[sub.start_byte:sub.end_byte].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
                        text = text.strip("\"'").strip('"""').strip("'''").strip()
                        if len(text) > 20:
                            return text, child.start_point[0] + 1
            break
        return None

    def _add_rationale(text: str, line: int, parent_nid: str) -> None:
        label = text[:80].replace("\r\n", " ").replace("\r", " ").replace("\n", " ").strip()
        rid = _make_id(stem, "rationale", str(line))
        if rid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(rid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": rid,
                "label": label,
                "file_type": "rationale",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{line}",
            })
        edges.append({
            "source": rid,
            "target": parent_nid,
            "relation": "rationale_for",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
            "weight": 1.0,
        })

    # Module-level docstring — skip for auto-generated files (Alembic, Django
    # migrations, protobuf stubs, etc.) whose module docstrings are revision
    # annotations, not architectural rationale.
    if not _is_autogenerated_python(source):
        ds = _get_docstring(root)
        if ds:
            _add_rationale(ds[0], ds[1], file_nid)

    # Class and function docstrings
    def walk_docstrings(node, parent_nid: str) -> None:
        t = node.type
        if t == "class_definition":
            name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
            body = node.child_by_field_name("body")
            if name_node and body:
                class_name = source[name_node.start_byte:name_node.end_byte].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
                nid = _make_id(stem, class_name)
                ds = _get_docstring(body)
                if ds:
                    _add_rationale(ds[0], ds[1], nid)
                for child in body.children:
                    walk_docstrings(child, nid)
            return
        if t == "function_definition":
            name_node = node.child_by_field_name("name")
            body = node.child_by_field_name("body")
            if name_node and body:
                func_name = source[name_node.start_byte:name_node.end_byte].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
                nid = _make_id(parent_nid, func_name) if parent_nid != file_nid else _make_id(stem, func_name)
                ds = _get_docstring(body)
                if ds:
                    _add_rationale(ds[0], ds[1], nid)
            return
        for child in node.children:
            walk_docstrings(child, parent_nid)

    walk_docstrings(root, file_nid)

    # Rationale comments (# NOTE:, # IMPORTANT:, etc.)
    source_text = source.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
    for lineno, line_text in enumerate(source_text.splitlines(), start=1):
        stripped = line_text.strip()
        if any(stripped.startswith(p) for p in _RATIONALE_PREFIXES):
            _add_rationale(stripped, lineno, file_nid)


# ── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def extract_python(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract classes, functions, and imports from a .py file via tree-sitter AST."""
    result = _extract_generic(path, _PYTHON_CONFIG)
    if "error" not in result:
        _extract_python_rationale(path, result)
    return result


def extract_js(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract classes, functions, arrow functions, and imports from a .js/.ts/.tsx/.mts/.cts file."""
    if path.suffix == ".tsx":
        config = _TSX_CONFIG
    elif path.suffix in (".ts", ".mts", ".cts"):
        config = _TS_CONFIG
    else:
        config = _JS_CONFIG
    result = _extract_generic(path, config)
    if "error" not in result:
        _extract_js_rationale(path, result)
    return result


# ── JS/TS rationale + doc-reference extraction ────────────────────────────────
#
# Parity with _extract_python_rationale: Python files get rationale nodes from
# docstrings and `# NOTE:`-style comments, but JS/TS comments were discarded
# entirely. That silently drops two high-value signals in mixed corpora:
#   1. rationale comments (`// NOTE:`, `// WHY:`, ...) — same as Python;
#   2. architecture-decision references (`ADR-0011`, `RFC 793`) that teams
#      conventionally cite in file/function headers. These are the natural
#      join points between code and design docs in the same graph — without
#      them, code<->ADR edges never form even when the code cites the ADR.

_JS_RATIONALE_PREFIXES = (
    "// NOTE:", "// IMPORTANT:", "// HACK:", "// WHY:", "// RATIONALE:",
    "// TODO:", "// FIXME:",
    "* NOTE:", "* IMPORTANT:", "* HACK:", "* WHY:", "* RATIONALE:",
    "* TODO:", "* FIXME:",
)

# Doc-reference tokens worth first-classing as graph nodes. Deliberately
# conservative: ADR-NNNN (Architecture Decision Records, any zero padding)
# and RFC NNNN / RFC-NNNN.
_JS_DOC_REF_RE = re.compile(r"\b(ADR[- ]?\d{1,5}|RFC[- ]?\d{1,5})\b", re.IGNORECASE)

# Only look for doc references inside comments, not string literals or code.
_JS_COMMENT_LINE_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*(//|/\*|\*)")


def _extract_js_rationale(path: Path, result: dict) -> None:
    """Post-pass: extract rationale comments and doc references from JS/TS source.
    Mutates result in-place by appending to result['nodes'] and result['edges'].
    """
    try:
        source_text = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
    except Exception:
        return

    stem = _file_stem(path)
    str_path = str(path)
    nodes = result["nodes"]
    edges = result["edges"]
    seen_ids = {n["id"] for n in nodes}
    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))
    seen_doc_refs: set[str] = set()

    def _add_rationale(text: str, line: int) -> None:
        label = text[:80].replace("\r\n", " ").replace("\r", " ").replace("\n", " ").strip()
        rid = _make_id(stem, "rationale", str(line))
        if rid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(rid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": rid,
                "label": label,
                "file_type": "rationale",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{line}",
            })
        edges.append({
            "source": rid,
            "target": file_nid,
            "relation": "rationale_for",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
            "weight": 1.0,
        })

    def _add_doc_ref(token: str, line: int) -> None:
        # Normalize "adr 11" / "ADR-0011" spellings to a canonical "ADR-0011"
        # style label so references to the same document collapse to one node.
        kind, num = re.match(r"([A-Za-z]+)[- ]?(\d+)", token).groups()
        kind = kind.upper()
        label = f"{kind}-{num.zfill(4)}" if kind == "ADR" else f"{kind}-{num}"
        if label in seen_doc_refs:
            return
        seen_doc_refs.add(label)
        rid = _make_id("docref", label)
        if rid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(rid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": rid,
                "label": label,
                "file_type": "doc_ref",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{line}",
            })
        edges.append({
            "source": file_nid,
            "target": rid,
            "relation": "cites",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
            "weight": 1.0,
        })

    for lineno, line_text in enumerate(source_text.splitlines(), start=1):
        stripped = line_text.strip()
        if any(stripped.startswith(p) for p in _JS_RATIONALE_PREFIXES):
            _add_rationale(stripped.lstrip("/* "), lineno)
        if _JS_COMMENT_LINE_RE.match(line_text):
            for m in _JS_DOC_REF_RE.finditer(stripped):
                _add_doc_ref(m.group(1), lineno)


def extract_svelte(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract imports from .svelte files: script-block via JS AST + template regex fallback.

    Tree-sitter only sees the <script> block. Svelte template syntax like
    {#await import('./X.svelte')} lives in the markup layer and is invisible
    to the JS parser, so a regex pass covers those dynamic imports.
    """
    result = _extract_generic(path, _JS_CONFIG)
    try:
        import re as _re
        src = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
        existing_ids = {n["id"] for n in result.get("nodes", [])}
        # Source file node ID must match the one _extract_generic creates:
        # _make_id(str(path)) - single arg, no stem prefix. Otherwise the source
        # endpoint is a phantom node and build_from_json drops the edge (#701).
        file_node_id = _make_id(str(path))
        aliases = _load_tsconfig_aliases(path.parent)
        for m in _re.finditer(r"""import\(\s*['"]([^'"]+)['"]\s*\)""", src):
            raw = m.group(1)
            if not raw:
                continue
            if raw.startswith("."):
                # Relative import - resolve to full path so IDs match file node IDs.
                resolved = Path(os.path.normpath(path.parent / raw))
                # Apply same TS/Svelte resolver fixups as static imports so dynamic
                # imports of bare paths and .svelte.ts rune files land on real
                # file nodes instead of phantom ids (#716).
                resolved = _resolve_js_module_path(resolved)
                node_id = _make_id(str(resolved))
                stub_source_file = str(resolved)
            else:
                # Check tsconfig.json path aliases (e.g. "$lib/" -> "src/lib/", "@/" -> "src/")
                # before treating as external. Mirrors _import_js logic so SvelteKit alias
                # imports resolve to the same file node IDs the extractor creates (#701).
                resolved_alias = _resolve_tsconfig_alias(raw, aliases)
                if resolved_alias is not None:
                    resolved_alias = _resolve_js_module_path(resolved_alias)
                    node_id = _make_id(str(resolved_alias))
                    stub_source_file = str(resolved_alias)
                else:
                    # Bare/scoped import (node_modules) - use last segment;
                    # build_from_json drops as external if no matching node exists.
                    module_name = raw.split("/")[-1]
                    if not module_name:
                        continue
                    node_id = _make_id(module_name)
                    stub_source_file = raw
            if node_id in existing_ids:
                # Edge target already a real node - just add the edge, don't add a node.
                result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                    "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                    "relation": "dynamic_import", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str(path),
                })
                continue
            result.setdefault("nodes", []).append({
                "id": node_id, "label": raw,
                "file_type": "code", "source_file": stub_source_file,
                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            })
            result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                "relation": "dynamic_import", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                "source_file": str(path),
            })
            existing_ids.add(node_id)
        # Static imports inside <script> blocks. The JS tree-sitter parser fed
        # the full .svelte file produces a top-level ERROR node (HTML markup
        # is not valid JS), so import_statement nodes are never reached and
        # static imports are silently dropped (#713). Regex over each script
        # body recovers them.
        script_re = _re.compile(
            r"<script\b[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)</script\s*>", _re.IGNORECASE
        )
        static_import_re = _re.compile(
            r"""import\s+(?:[^'"`;]+?\s+from\s+)?['"]([^'"]+)['"]"""
        )
        for script_match in script_re.finditer(src):
            script_body = script_match.group(1)
            for m in static_import_re.finditer(script_body):
                raw = m.group(1)
                if not raw:
                    continue
                if raw.startswith("."):
                    resolved = Path(os.path.normpath(path.parent / raw))
                    if resolved.suffix == ".js":
                        resolved = resolved.with_suffix(".ts")
                    elif resolved.suffix == ".jsx":
                        resolved = resolved.with_suffix(".tsx")
                    node_id = _make_id(str(resolved))
                    stub_source_file = str(resolved)
                else:
                    resolved_alias = _resolve_tsconfig_alias(raw, aliases)
                    if resolved_alias is not None:
                        node_id = _make_id(str(resolved_alias))
                        stub_source_file = str(resolved_alias)
                    else:
                        module_name = raw.split("/")[-1]
                        if not module_name:
                            continue
                        node_id = _make_id(module_name)
                        stub_source_file = raw
                if node_id in existing_ids:
                    result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                        "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                        "relation": "imports_from", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                        "source_file": str(path),
                    })
                    continue
                result.setdefault("nodes", []).append({
                    "id": node_id, "label": raw,
                    "file_type": "code", "source_file": stub_source_file,
                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                })
                result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                    "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                    "relation": "imports_from", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str(path),
                })
                existing_ids.add(node_id)
    except Exception:
        pass
    return result


def extract_astro(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract imports from .astro files: frontmatter (TS) + template regex fallback.

    Astro files start with a ``---\\n...\\n---`` frontmatter block of TypeScript
    setup code (where almost all imports live), followed by an HTML-with-expressions
    template body, and optionally ``<script>`` blocks for client-side JS. Tree-sitter
    only sees the file usefully through the frontmatter — feeding the whole file to
    the JS parser produces a top-level ERROR node because the template is not valid
    JS, so ``import_statement`` nodes are never reached and static imports are
    silently dropped (#850). Mirrors :func:`extract_svelte` — same regex-rescue
    approach, scanning the frontmatter block and any client-side ``<script>`` blocks
    for static and dynamic imports.
    """
    result = _extract_generic(path, _JS_CONFIG)
    try:
        import re as _re
        src = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
        existing_ids = {n["id"] for n in result.get("nodes", [])}
        file_node_id = _make_id(str(path))
        aliases = _load_tsconfig_aliases(path.parent)
        # Dynamic imports anywhere in the file: `import('./X.astro')` is legal in
        # frontmatter setup code and inside expression slots.
        for m in _re.finditer(r"""import\(\s*['"]([^'"]+)['"]\s*\)""", src):
            raw = m.group(1)
            if not raw:
                continue
            if raw.startswith("."):
                resolved = Path(os.path.normpath(path.parent / raw))
                resolved = _resolve_js_module_path(resolved)
                node_id = _make_id(str(resolved))
                stub_source_file = str(resolved)
            else:
                resolved_alias = _resolve_tsconfig_alias(raw, aliases)
                if resolved_alias is not None:
                    resolved_alias = _resolve_js_module_path(resolved_alias)
                    node_id = _make_id(str(resolved_alias))
                    stub_source_file = str(resolved_alias)
                else:
                    module_name = raw.split("/")[-1]
                    if not module_name:
                        continue
                    node_id = _make_id(module_name)
                    stub_source_file = raw
            if node_id in existing_ids:
                result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                    "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                    "relation": "dynamic_import", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str(path),
                })
                continue
            result.setdefault("nodes", []).append({
                "id": node_id, "label": raw,
                "file_type": "code", "source_file": stub_source_file,
                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            })
            result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                "relation": "dynamic_import", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                "source_file": str(path),
            })
            existing_ids.add(node_id)
        # Static imports: scan the `---...---` frontmatter at the file head plus any
        # client-side <script> blocks. Both are TS/JS regions but live inside a file
        # the JS tree-sitter parser cannot validate as a whole.
        frontmatter_re = _re.compile(
            r"\A\s*---\s*\r?\n([\s\S]*?)\r?\n---\s*(?:\r?\n|\Z)"
        )
        script_re = _re.compile(
            r"<script\b[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)</script\s*>", _re.IGNORECASE
        )
        static_import_re = _re.compile(
            r"""import\s+(?:[^'"`;]+?\s+from\s+)?['"]([^'"]+)['"]"""
        )
        regions: list[str] = []
        fm = frontmatter_re.search(src)
        if fm:
            regions.append(fm.group(1))
        for script_match in script_re.finditer(src):
            regions.append(script_match.group(1))
        for region in regions:
            for m in static_import_re.finditer(region):
                raw = m.group(1)
                if not raw:
                    continue
                if raw.startswith("."):
                    resolved = Path(os.path.normpath(path.parent / raw))
                    if resolved.suffix == ".js":
                        resolved = resolved.with_suffix(".ts")
                    elif resolved.suffix == ".jsx":
                        resolved = resolved.with_suffix(".tsx")
                    node_id = _make_id(str(resolved))
                    stub_source_file = str(resolved)
                else:
                    resolved_alias = _resolve_tsconfig_alias(raw, aliases)
                    if resolved_alias is not None:
                        node_id = _make_id(str(resolved_alias))
                        stub_source_file = str(resolved_alias)
                    else:
                        module_name = raw.split("/")[-1]
                        if not module_name:
                            continue
                        node_id = _make_id(module_name)
                        stub_source_file = raw
                if node_id in existing_ids:
                    result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                        "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                        "relation": "imports_from", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                        "source_file": str(path),
                    })
                    continue
                result.setdefault("nodes", []).append({
                    "id": node_id, "label": raw,
                    "file_type": "code", "source_file": stub_source_file,
                    "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                })
                result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                    "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                    "relation": "imports_from", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str(path),
                })
                existing_ids.add(node_id)
    except Exception:
        pass
    return result


# The open-tag matcher skips over quoted attribute values so a `>` inside one
# (e.g. Vue 3.3+ generic components: `<script setup lang="ts"
# generic="T extends Record<string, unknown>">`) doesn't prematurely end the tag.


def extract_vue(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract imports, symbols, and type refs from a ``.vue`` SFC.

    Masks the non-``<script>`` regions and parses the script with the grammar
    its ``lang`` implies (``tsx``→TSX, ``js``/``jsx``→JS, ``ts`` or unset→TS;
    TS is a superset of JS so it is a safe default). A regex pass then recovers
    ``import('…')`` dynamic imports the AST does not edge.
    """
    try:
        src = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
    except OSError:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": []}

    masked, lang = _vue_mask_non_script(src)
    if lang == "tsx":
        config = _TSX_CONFIG
    elif lang in ("js", "jsx"):
        config = _JS_CONFIG
    else:  # "ts" or unspecified — default to the TS grammar (superset of JS)
        config = _TS_CONFIG

    result = _extract_generic(path, config, source_override=masked.encode("utf-8"))

    # Dynamic `import('…')` calls aren't edged by the AST pass; recover by regex,
    # mirroring extract_svelte/extract_astro.
    try:
        existing_ids = {n["id"] for n in result.get("nodes", [])}
        file_node_id = _make_id(str(path))
        aliases = _load_tsconfig_aliases(path.parent)
        for m in re.finditer(r"""import\(\s*['"]([^'"]+)['"]\s*\)""", src):
            raw = m.group(1)
            if not raw:
                continue
            if raw.startswith("."):
                resolved = Path(os.path.normpath(path.parent / raw))
                resolved = _resolve_js_module_path(resolved)
                node_id = _make_id(str(resolved))
                stub_source_file = str(resolved)
            else:
                resolved_alias = _resolve_tsconfig_alias(raw, aliases)
                if resolved_alias is not None:
                    resolved_alias = _resolve_js_module_path(resolved_alias)
                    node_id = _make_id(str(resolved_alias))
                    stub_source_file = str(resolved_alias)
                else:
                    module_name = raw.split("/")[-1]
                    if not module_name:
                        continue
                    node_id = _make_id(module_name)
                    stub_source_file = raw
            if node_id in existing_ids:
                result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                    "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                    "relation": "dynamic_import", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                    "source_file": str(path),
                })
                continue
            result.setdefault("nodes", []).append({
                "id": node_id, "label": raw,
                "file_type": "code", "source_file": stub_source_file,
                "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            })
            result.setdefault("edges", []).append({
                "source": file_node_id, "target": node_id,
                "relation": "dynamic_import", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                "source_file": str(path),
            })
            existing_ids.add(node_id)
    except Exception:
        pass
    return result


def extract_java(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract classes, interfaces, methods, constructors, and imports from a .java file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _JAVA_CONFIG)


def _is_spock_file(path: Path, ts_result: dict) -> bool:
    """Return True when the file contains Spock-style ``def "feature"()`` methods
    that tree-sitter-groovy cannot parse, detected by checking the raw source."""
    import re as _re
    _SPOCK_FEATURE_RE = _re.compile(r"""^\s*def\s+[\"']""", _re.MULTILINE)
    try:
        return bool(_SPOCK_FEATURE_RE.search(path.read_text(errors="replace")))
    except OSError:
        return False


def _extract_spock_fallback(path: Path, ts_result: dict) -> dict:
    """Regex-based fallback for Spock spec files where tree-sitter-groovy cannot parse
    ``def "feature name"()`` methods. Merges import edges from the tree-sitter pass
    (which survive reliably) with class and feature-method nodes extracted via regex.
    """
    import re as _re
    source = path.read_text(errors="replace")
    str_path = str(path)
    stem = _file_stem(path)

    # Only keep the file node from the tree-sitter pass (guaranteed present and
    # correctly IDed) plus all import edges.  All other ts nodes are discarded to
    # avoid orphaned method/constructor nodes whose parent edges were dropped.
    file_node = next((n for n in ts_result.get("nodes", []) if n.get("label") == path.name), None)
    nodes: list[dict] = [file_node] if file_node else []
    edges: list[dict] = [e for e in ts_result.get("edges", []) if e.get("context") == "import"]
    seen_ids: set[str] = {n["id"] for n in nodes}

    def _add_node(nid: str, label: str, line: int) -> None:
        if nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(nid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": nid,
                "label": label,
                "file_type": "code",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{line}",
            })

    def _add_edge(src: str, tgt: str, relation: str, line: int,
                  confidence: str = "EXTRACTED") -> None:
        edges.append({
            "source": src,
            "target": tgt,
            "relation": relation,
            "confidence": confidence,
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
            "weight": 1.0,
        })

    lines_text = source.splitlines()

    # Extract class declarations
    class_re = _re.compile(r"^\s*(?:[\w@]+\s+)*class\s+(\w+)")
    # Extract Spock feature methods: def "..." () or def '...' ()
    # Two separate capture groups per quote style so apostrophes inside
    # double-quoted names (e.g. "shouldn't") are captured correctly.
    feature_re = _re.compile(r"""^\s*def\s+(?:\"([^\"]+)\"|'([^']+)')\s*\(""")
    # Extract plain def methods (non-string names) as well
    plain_method_re = _re.compile(r"""^\s*def\s+(\w+)\s*\(""")

    current_class_nid: str | None = None
    file_nid = _make_id(str_path)

    # Ensure the file node exists (tree-sitter pass may have emitted it)
    if file_nid not in seen_ids:
        _add_node(file_nid, path.name, 1)

    for lineno, line_text in enumerate(lines_text, start=1):
        cm = class_re.match(line_text)
        if cm:
            class_name = cm.group(1)
            class_nid = _make_id(stem, class_name)
            _add_node(class_nid, class_name, lineno)
            _add_edge(file_nid, class_nid, "contains", lineno)
            current_class_nid = class_nid
            continue

        if current_class_nid is None:
            continue

        fm = feature_re.match(line_text)
        if fm:
            method_name = fm.group(1) or fm.group(2)
            method_label = f'"{method_name}"'
            method_nid = _make_id(current_class_nid, method_name)
            _add_node(method_nid, method_label, lineno)
            _add_edge(current_class_nid, method_nid, "method", lineno)
            continue

        pm = plain_method_re.match(line_text)
        if pm:
            method_name = pm.group(1)
            if method_name not in ("if", "while", "for", "switch", "catch"):
                method_label = f".{method_name}()"
                method_nid = _make_id(current_class_nid, method_name)
                _add_node(method_nid, method_label, lineno)
                _add_edge(current_class_nid, method_nid, "method", lineno)

    return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges}


def extract_groovy(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract classes, methods, constructors, and imports from a .groovy/.gradle file.

    Falls back to a regex-based Spock extractor when tree-sitter-groovy cannot parse
    ``def "feature name"()`` methods (common in Spock specification classes).
    """
    result = _extract_generic(path, _GROOVY_CONFIG)
    if _is_spock_file(path, result):
        result = _extract_spock_fallback(path, result)
    return result


def extract_c(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract functions and includes from a .c/.h file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _C_CONFIG)


def extract_cpp(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract functions, classes, and includes from a .cpp/.cc/.cxx/.hpp file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _CPP_CONFIG)


def extract_ruby(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract classes, methods, singleton methods, and calls from a .rb file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _RUBY_CONFIG)


def extract_csharp(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract C# type declarations, methods, namespaces, and usings from a .cs file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _CSHARP_CONFIG)


def extract_kotlin(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract classes, objects, functions, and imports from a .kt/.kts file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _KOTLIN_CONFIG)


def extract_scala(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract classes, objects, functions, and imports from a .scala file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _SCALA_CONFIG)


def extract_php(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract classes, functions, methods, namespace uses, and calls from a .php file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _PHP_CONFIG)


# One level of balanced parens (e.g. `Foo #(Bar #(int))`) — bounded so malformed
# input cannot trigger pathological backtracking.


def extract_lua(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract functions, methods, require() imports, and calls from a .lua file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _LUA_CONFIG)


def extract_swift(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract classes, structs, protocols, functions, imports, and calls from a .swift file."""
    return _extract_generic(path, _SWIFT_CONFIG)


# ── Julia extractor (custom walk) ────────────────────────────────────────────

def extract_julia(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract modules, structs, functions, imports, and calls from a .jl file."""
    try:
        import tree_sitter_julia as tsjulia
        from tree_sitter import Language, Parser
    except ImportError:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": "tree-sitter-julia not installed"}

    try:
        language = Language(tsjulia.language())
        parser = Parser(language)
        source = path.read_bytes()
        tree = parser.parse(source)
        root = tree.root_node
    except Exception as e:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": str(e)}

    stem = _file_stem(path)
    str_path = str(path)
    nodes: list[dict] = []
    edges: list[dict] = []
    seen_ids: set[str] = set()
    function_bodies: list[tuple[str, object]] = []

    def add_node(nid: str, label: str, line: int) -> None:
        if nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(nid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": nid,
                "label": label,
                "file_type": "code",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{line}",
            })

    def add_edge(src: str, tgt: str, relation: str, line: int,
                 confidence: str = "EXTRACTED", weight: float = 1.0,
                 context: str | None = None) -> None:
        edge = {
            "source": src,
            "target": tgt,
            "relation": relation,
            "confidence": confidence,
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
            "weight": weight,
        }
        if context:
            edge["context"] = context
        edges.append(edge)

    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))
    add_node(file_nid, path.name, 1)

    def ensure_named_node(name: str, line: int) -> str:
        nid = _make_id(stem, name)
        if nid in seen_ids:
            return nid
        nid = _make_id(name)
        if nid not in seen_ids:
            # The name isn't defined in this file, so this is a cross-file reference
            # (e.g. a `Thing` type annotation imported from another module). Emit a
            # SOURCELESS stub — like the inheritance-base path below — so the
            # corpus-level rewire can collapse it onto the real definition. A sourced
            # stub here makes _disambiguate_colliding_node_ids bake the referencing
            # file's path (with extension) into the id and blocks the rewire, which is
            # the phantom-duplicate-node bug (#1402).
            seen_ids.add(nid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": nid,
                "label": name,
                "file_type": "code",
                "source_file": "",
                "source_location": "",
                "origin_file": str_path,
            })
        return nid

    def _func_name_from_signature(sig_node) -> str | None:
        """Extract function name from a Julia signature node (call_expression > identifier)."""
        for child in sig_node.children:
            if child.type == "call_expression":
                callee = child.children[0] if child.children else None
                if callee and callee.type == "identifier":
                    return _read_text(callee, source)
        return None

    def walk_calls(body_node, func_nid: str) -> None:
        if body_node is None:
            return
        t = body_node.type
        if t in ("function_definition", "short_function_definition"):
            return
        if t == "call_expression" and body_node.children:
            callee = body_node.children[0]
            # Direct call: foo(...)
            if callee.type == "identifier":
                callee_name = _read_text(callee, source)
                target_nid = _make_id(stem, callee_name)
                add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "calls", body_node.start_point[0] + 1,
                         confidence="EXTRACTED", context="call")
            # Method call: obj.method(...)
            elif callee.type == "field_expression" and len(callee.children) >= 3:
                method_node = callee.children[-1]
                method_name = _read_text(method_node, source)
                target_nid = _make_id(stem, method_name)
                add_edge(func_nid, target_nid, "calls", body_node.start_point[0] + 1,
                         confidence="EXTRACTED", context="call")
        for child in body_node.children:
            walk_calls(child, func_nid)

    def walk(node, scope_nid: str) -> None:
        t = node.type

        # Module
        if t == "module_definition":
            name_node = next((c for c in node.children if c.type == "identifier"), None)
            if name_node:
                mod_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
                mod_nid = _make_id(stem, mod_name)
                line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                add_node(mod_nid, mod_name, line)
                add_edge(file_nid, mod_nid, "defines", line)
                for child in node.children:
                    walk(child, mod_nid)
            return

        # Struct (struct / mutable struct — both map to struct_definition in tree-sitter-julia)
        if t == "struct_definition":
            # type_head may contain: identifier (simple) or binary_expression (Foo <: Bar)
            type_head = next((c for c in node.children if c.type == "type_head"), None)
            if not type_head:
                return
            struct_name: str | None = None
            super_name: str | None = None
            bin_expr = next((c for c in type_head.children if c.type == "binary_expression"), None)
            if bin_expr:
                identifiers = [c for c in bin_expr.children if c.type == "identifier"]
                if identifiers:
                    struct_name = _read_text(identifiers[0], source)
                    if len(identifiers) >= 2:
                        super_name = _read_text(identifiers[-1], source)
            else:
                name_node = next((c for c in type_head.children if c.type == "identifier"), None)
                if name_node:
                    struct_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
            if not struct_name:
                return
            struct_nid = _make_id(stem, struct_name)
            line = node.start_point[0] + 1
            add_node(struct_nid, struct_name, line)
            add_edge(scope_nid, struct_nid, "defines", line)
            if super_name:
                add_edge(struct_nid, ensure_named_node(super_name, line),
                         "inherits", line, confidence="EXTRACTED")
            # Field types: each `name::Type` lowers to a typed_expression child of struct_definition
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "typed_expression":
                    type_ids = [c for c in child.children if c.type == "identifier"]
                    if len(type_ids) >= 2:
                        field_line = child.start_point[0] + 1
                        type_name = _read_text(type_ids[-1], source)
                        type_nid = ensure_named_node(type_name, field_line)
                        edges.append(_semantic_reference_edge(
                            struct_nid, type_nid, "field", str_path, field_line))
            return

        # Abstract type
        if t == "abstract_definition":
            # type_head > identifier
            type_head = next((c for c in node.children if c.type == "type_head"), None)
            if type_head:
                name_node = next((c for c in type_head.children if c.type == "identifier"), None)
                if name_node:
                    abs_name = _read_text(name_node, source)
                    abs_nid = _make_id(stem, abs_name)
                    line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                    add_node(abs_nid, abs_name, line)
                    add_edge(scope_nid, abs_nid, "defines", line)
            return

        # Function: function foo(...) ... end
        if t == "function_definition":
            sig_node = next((c for c in node.children if c.type == "signature"), None)
            if sig_node:
                func_name = _func_name_from_signature(sig_node)
                if func_name:
                    func_nid = _make_id(stem, func_name)
                    line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                    add_node(func_nid, f"{func_name}()", line)
                    add_edge(scope_nid, func_nid, "defines", line)
                    function_bodies.append((func_nid, node))
            return

        # Short function: foo(x) = expr
        if t == "assignment":
            lhs = node.children[0] if node.children else None
            if lhs and lhs.type == "call_expression" and lhs.children:
                callee = lhs.children[0]
                if callee.type == "identifier":
                    func_name = _read_text(callee, source)
                    func_nid = _make_id(stem, func_name)
                    line = node.start_point[0] + 1
                    add_node(func_nid, f"{func_name}()", line)
                    add_edge(scope_nid, func_nid, "defines", line)
                    # Only walk the RHS (index 2 after lhs and operator) to avoid self-loops
                    rhs = node.children[-1] if len(node.children) >= 3 else None
                    if rhs:
                        function_bodies.append((func_nid, rhs))
            return

        # Using / Import
        if t in ("using_statement", "import_statement"):
            line = node.start_point[0] + 1

            def _julia_mod_name(n):
                # identifier (`Foo`), scoped_identifier (`Base.Threads`), or
                # import_path (relative `..Sibling`) -> the module name. Only bare
                # identifiers were handled, so qualified/relative imports — and the
                # scoped package of a `selected_import` — were silently dropped.
                if n.type == "import_path":
                    ids = [c for c in n.children if c.type == "identifier"]
                    return _read_text(ids[-1], source) if ids else None
                if n.type in ("identifier", "scoped_identifier"):
                    return _read_text(n, source)
                return None

            def _emit_import(name):
                if not name:
                    return
                imp_nid = _make_id(name)
                add_node(imp_nid, name, line)
                add_edge(scope_nid, imp_nid, "imports", line, context="import")

            for child in node.children:
                if child.type in ("identifier", "scoped_identifier", "import_path"):
                    _emit_import(_julia_mod_name(child))
                elif child.type == "selected_import":
                    # `import Base.Threads: nthreads` — the package (first named
                    # child) may itself be a scoped_identifier/import_path.
                    pkg = next(
                        (c for c in child.children
                         if c.type in ("identifier", "scoped_identifier", "import_path")),
                        None,
                    )
                    if pkg is not None:
                        _emit_import(_julia_mod_name(pkg))
            return

        for child in node.children:
            walk(child, scope_nid)

    walk(root, file_nid)

    for func_nid, body_node in function_bodies:
        # For function_definition nodes, walk children directly to avoid
        # the boundary check returning early on the top-level node itself.
        # Skip the "signature" child — it contains the function's own call_expression
        # which would create a self-loop.
        if body_node.type == "function_definition":
            for child in body_node.children:
                if child.type != "signature":
                    walk_calls(child, func_nid)
        else:
            walk_calls(body_node, func_nid)

    return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges}


# ── Go extractor (custom walk) ────────────────────────────────────────────────


# ── Rust extractor (custom walk) ──────────────────────────────────────────────

# Common Rust trait/stdlib method names that appear in virtually every codebase.
# Resolving these cross-file produces spurious INFERRED edges across crate
# boundaries (issue #908) — skip them from the unresolved-call queue entirely.


# ── Zig ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────


# ── PowerShell ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────


# ── PowerShell manifest (.psd1) ──────────────────────────────────────────────

# Keys in a .psd1 whose values are module names/paths we treat as imports.


# ── Cross-file import resolution ──────────────────────────────────────────────


def _canonicalize_csharp_namespace_nodes(all_nodes: list[dict], all_edges: list[dict]) -> None:
    """Collapse duplicate C# namespace node entries to one canonical node per label."""
    by_label: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}
    for node in all_nodes:
        if node.get("type") != "namespace":
            continue
        label = node.get("label")
        if isinstance(label, str):
            by_label.setdefault(label, []).append(node)

    remap: dict[str, str] = {}
    drop_node_ids: set[int] = set()
    for group in by_label.values():
        if len(group) < 2:
            continue
        canonical = sorted(
            group,
            key=lambda node: (
                str(node.get("source_file") or ""),
                str(node.get("source_location") or ""),
                str(node.get("id") or ""),
            ),
        )[0]
        canonical_id = canonical.get("id")
        for node in group:
            if node is canonical:
                continue
            drop_node_ids.add(id(node))
            dup_id = node.get("id")
            if isinstance(dup_id, str) and isinstance(canonical_id, str):
                remap[dup_id] = canonical_id

    if remap:
        for edge in all_edges:
            if edge.get("source") in remap:
                edge["source"] = remap[str(edge["source"])]
            if edge.get("target") in remap:
                edge["target"] = remap[str(edge["target"])]

    if drop_node_ids:
        all_nodes[:] = [node for node in all_nodes if id(node) not in drop_node_ids]


# Languages whose identifiers are case-insensitive, so cross-file name resolution
# may fold case. Everywhere else, case is semantic (`Path` the class vs `PATH` the
# env var are distinct) and folding manufactures false edges / super-hubs (#1581).
_CASE_INSENSITIVE_EXTS = frozenset({
    ".php", ".phtml", ".php3", ".php4", ".php5", ".php7", ".phps",  # PHP fns/classes
    ".sql",                                                          # SQL identifiers
    ".nim", ".nims", ".nimble",                                      # Nim (style-insensitive)
})


def _lang_is_case_insensitive(source_file: object) -> bool:
    """True when the file's language resolves identifiers case-insensitively (#1581)."""
    if not source_file:
        return False
    return Path(str(source_file)).suffix.lower() in _CASE_INSENSITIVE_EXTS


# Language interop families for cross-file call resolution. A call in one language
# can never bind by name to a definition in another family — a TSX component does
# not invoke a Kotlin method, and a Python function does not invoke a Java one.
# Families are grouped by REAL interop so legitimate cross-language resolution
# keeps working: Kotlin/Java/Scala/Groovy share the JVM, C/C++/Objective-C/CUDA
# share headers and symbols (Swift bridges to Objective-C), and JS/TS variants
# (plus Vue/Svelte/Astro SFC script blocks) compile into one module graph.
# Extensions absent from this map (docs, configs, unknown languages) resolve to
# no family and are never filtered — same permissive default as before.
_LANG_FAMILY_BY_EXT: dict[str, str] = {
    # JS/TS module graph (SFCs embed JS/TS)
    ".js": "jsts", ".jsx": "jsts", ".mjs": "jsts", ".cjs": "jsts",
    ".ts": "jsts", ".tsx": "jsts", ".mts": "jsts", ".cts": "jsts",
    ".vue": "jsts", ".svelte": "jsts", ".astro": "jsts",
    # JVM interop
    ".java": "jvm", ".kt": "jvm", ".kts": "jvm",
    ".scala": "jvm", ".groovy": "jvm", ".gradle": "jvm",
    # C-family: shared headers, Objective-C/C++ mix, Swift↔ObjC bridging
    ".c": "native", ".h": "native", ".cpp": "native", ".cc": "native",
    ".cxx": "native", ".hpp": "native", ".cu": "native", ".cuh": "native",
    ".metal": "native", ".m": "native", ".mm": "native", ".swift": "native",
    # Single-language families
    ".py": "python",
    ".go": "go",
    ".rs": "rust",
    ".rb": "ruby",
    ".php": "php", ".phtml": "php", ".php3": "php", ".php4": "php",
    ".php5": "php", ".php7": "php", ".phps": "php",
    ".cs": "dotnet", ".razor": "dotnet", ".cshtml": "dotnet", ".xaml": "dotnet",
    ".lua": "lua", ".luau": "lua",
    ".zig": "zig",
    ".ex": "elixir", ".exs": "elixir",
    ".jl": "julia",
    ".dart": "dart",
    ".sh": "shell", ".bash": "shell",
    ".ps1": "powershell", ".psm1": "powershell", ".psd1": "powershell",
}


def _lang_family(source_file: object) -> str | None:
    """Interop family of the file's language, or None when unknown/not code."""
    if not source_file:
        return None
    return _LANG_FAMILY_BY_EXT.get(Path(str(source_file)).suffix.lower())


def _node_label_key(node: dict, fold: bool = False) -> str:
    label = str(node.get("label", "")).strip()
    key = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]+", "", label)
    return key.lower() if fold else key


def _rewire_unique_stub_nodes(nodes: list[dict], edges: list[dict]) -> None:
    """Map unresolved no-source stubs to a unique real definition with the same label."""
    real_by_label: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}       # exact-case (all languages)
    real_by_label_ci: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}    # case-INSENSITIVE-language reals only
    stubs: list[dict] = []

    for node in nodes:
        key = _node_label_key(node)
        if not key:
            continue
        if node.get("source_file"):
            if _is_type_like_definition(node):
                # Match stubs case-SENSITIVELY: a `Path` reference must not rewire to a
                # `PATH` env var (#1581). Fold only for genuinely case-insensitive
                # languages, where `foo` legitimately resolves to `Foo`.
                real_by_label.setdefault(key, []).append(node)
                if _lang_is_case_insensitive(node.get("source_file")):
                    real_by_label_ci.setdefault(
                        _node_label_key(node, fold=True), []).append(node)
            continue
        stubs.append(node)

    remap: dict[str, str] = {}
    for stub in stubs:
        stub_id = str(stub.get("id", ""))
        if not stub_id:
            continue
        candidates = real_by_label.get(_node_label_key(stub), [])
        if len(candidates) != 1:
            # No unique exact match — fall back to a case-insensitive match, but
            # only against case-insensitive-language definitions (so a case-sensitive
            # `PATH` can never absorb a `Path` reference).
            candidates = real_by_label_ci.get(_node_label_key(stub, fold=True), [])
            if len(candidates) != 1:
                continue
        target_id = candidates[0].get("id")
        if isinstance(target_id, str) and target_id and target_id != stub_id:
            remap[stub_id] = target_id

    if not remap:
        return

    by_id = {node.get("id"): node for node in nodes if node.get("id")}
    csharp_scoped_relations = {"inherits", "implements", "references", "imports"}
    for edge in edges:
        is_csharp_scoped_edge = (
            str(edge.get("source_file", "")).endswith(".cs")
            and edge.get("relation") in csharp_scoped_relations
        )
        source = edge.get("source")
        if source in remap:
            remapped_source = remap[str(source)]
            if not (
                is_csharp_scoped_edge
                and str(by_id.get(remapped_source, {}).get("source_file", "")).endswith(".cs")
            ):
                edge["source"] = remapped_source
        target = edge.get("target")
        if target in remap:
            remapped_target = remap[str(target)]
            if not (
                is_csharp_scoped_edge
                and str(by_id.get(remapped_target, {}).get("source_file", "")).endswith(".cs")
            ):
                edge["target"] = remapped_target

    referenced = {x for e in edges for x in (e.get("source"), e.get("target"))}
    drop_ids = {stub_id for stub_id in remap if stub_id not in referenced}
    nodes[:] = [node for node in nodes if node.get("id") not in drop_ids]


def _ts_decorator_name(deco_node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Return the head symbol of a TS `decorator` node.

    `@Injectable` -> the identifier; `@Component({...})` / `@Input()` -> the
    `function` of the call_expression; `@ng.Component()` / `@core.Injectable` ->
    the `property` of the member_expression (the imported symbol, not the
    namespace alias).
    """
    for child in deco_node.children:
        if not child.is_named:
            continue
        target = child
        if target.type == "call_expression":
            target = target.child_by_field_name("function") or target
        if target.type == "member_expression":
            prop = target.child_by_field_name("property")
            return _read_text(prop, source) if prop else None
        if target.type == "identifier":
            return _read_text(target, source)
        return None
    return None


def _ts_method_name(method_node, source: bytes) -> str | None:
    """Name of a `method_definition`, matching the id the function-types branch
    builds (`_make_id(class_nid, name)`)."""
    name_node = method_node.child_by_field_name("name")
    return _read_text(name_node, source) if name_node else None


def _ts_descendant_decorators(node) -> list:
    """Collect `decorator` nodes under `node` (e.g. parameter decorators inside a
    method's formal_parameters, or a field's own decorator), without crossing into
    a nested class or a nested method, which own their own decorators."""
    out: list = []

    def rec(n, top: bool) -> None:
        for child in n.children:
            ct = child.type
            if ct == "decorator":
                out.append(child)
            elif ct in ("class_declaration", "abstract_class_declaration"):
                continue
            elif ct == "method_definition" and not top:
                continue
            else:
                rec(child, False)

    rec(node, True)
    return out


def _ts_emit_decorator_edges(class_node, class_nid: str, stem: str, source: bytes,
                             ensure_named_node, add_edge) -> None:
    """Emit `references` edges (context="decorator") from a class and its members
    to the symbols of the TS decorators applied to them.

    Decorators only occur on classes, class members, and parameters, so a single
    pass over the class declaration covers them. Members that are graph nodes
    (methods, incl. the constructor) own their decorators and their parameter
    decorators; members that are not nodes (fields, parameters) attribute to the
    enclosing class. Targets go through `ensure_named_node`, so a decorator
    imported from another module (the common case — `@Component` from
    `@angular/core`) becomes a sourceless stub the corpus rewire collapses onto
    the real definition.
    """
    def emit(deco_node, owner_nid: str) -> None:
        name = _ts_decorator_name(deco_node, source)
        if not name:
            return
        line = deco_node.start_point[0] + 1
        target = ensure_named_node(name, line)
        if target != owner_nid:
            add_edge(owner_nid, target, "references", line, context="decorator")

    # Class-level decorators: direct children of the class node (`@Deco class C`),
    # plus — when exported (`@Deco export class C`) — the decorators that sit on
    # the wrapping export_statement, before the class.
    for child in class_node.children:
        if child.type == "decorator":
            emit(child, class_nid)
    parent = class_node.parent
    if parent is not None and parent.type == "export_statement":
        for child in parent.children:
            if child.type == "decorator":
                emit(child, class_nid)
            elif child.type in ("class_declaration", "abstract_class_declaration"):
                break

    # Member decorators inside the class body.
    body = next((c for c in class_node.children if c.type == "class_body"), None)
    if body is None:
        return
    for member in body.children:
        mt = member.type
        if mt == "decorator":
            # A method decorator is a sibling preceding the method; skip past any
            # stacked decorators to find it.
            owner = class_nid
            sib = member.next_named_sibling
            while sib is not None and sib.type == "decorator":
                sib = sib.next_named_sibling
            if sib is not None and sib.type == "method_definition":
                mname = _ts_method_name(sib, source)
                if mname:
                    owner = _make_id(class_nid, mname)
            emit(member, owner)
        elif mt == "method_definition":
            mname = _ts_method_name(member, source)
            m_nid = _make_id(class_nid, mname) if mname else class_nid
            for deco in _ts_descendant_decorators(member):
                emit(deco, m_nid)
        else:
            # Fields / accessors: the member is not a node, so attribute its
            # decorators (e.g. `@Input()`, `@Column()`) to the class.
            for deco in _ts_descendant_decorators(member):
                emit(deco, class_nid)


def _augment_js_reexport_edges(
    paths: list[Path],
    nodes: list[dict],
    edges: list[dict],
    root: Path,
) -> None:
    """Compatibility wrapper for the JS/TS symbol-resolution post-pass."""
    facts = _SymbolResolutionFacts()
    _collect_js_symbol_resolution_facts(paths, facts)
    _apply_symbol_resolution_facts(paths, nodes, edges, root, facts)


# Header / implementation file-extension pairing for the decl/def class merge.


def _merge_swift_extensions(
    per_file: list[dict],
    all_nodes: list[dict],
    all_edges: list[dict],
) -> None:
    """Collapse cross-file Swift `extension Foo` nodes into the canonical `Foo`.

    tree-sitter-swift reuses `class_declaration` for both `class Foo` and
    `extension Foo`, and node ids carry the file stem, so each file that
    extends `Foo` produces its own `Foo` node. The match is done by label:
    when exactly one non-extension declaration shares the label, extension
    nodes redirect onto it. Extensions of types outside the corpus (no match)
    and ambiguous labels (more than one match) are left untouched — picking
    arbitrarily would invent edges.
    """
    extension_nids: set[str] = set()
    extension_labels: dict[str, str] = {}
    for result in per_file:
        for ext in result.get("swift_extensions", []) or []:
            extension_nids.add(ext["nid"])
            extension_labels[ext["nid"]] = ext["label"]

    if not extension_nids:
        return

    label_to_canonical: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
    for n in all_nodes:
        if n.get("id") in extension_nids:
            continue
        label = n.get("label")
        if not label:
            continue
        label_to_canonical.setdefault(label, []).append(n["id"])

    remap: dict[str, str] = {}
    for ext_nid in extension_nids:
        candidates = label_to_canonical.get(extension_labels[ext_nid], [])
        if len(candidates) != 1:
            continue
        canonical_nid = candidates[0]
        if canonical_nid != ext_nid:
            remap[ext_nid] = canonical_nid

    if not remap:
        return

    all_nodes[:] = [n for n in all_nodes if n.get("id") not in remap]

    # Each extension file's `contains` edge ends up pointing at the canonical
    # type — multiple files containing the same node is the intended shape:
    # the type owns the methods, the files own their slice. Self-loops are
    # dropped (e.g. an in-file extension method whose call already pointed at
    # the canonical type).
    rewritten: list[dict] = []
    seen_keys: set[tuple] = set()
    for e in all_edges:
        src = remap.get(e.get("source"), e.get("source"))
        tgt = remap.get(e.get("target"), e.get("target"))
        if src == tgt:
            continue
        e["source"] = src
        e["target"] = tgt
        key = (src, tgt, e.get("relation"), e.get("source_file"), e.get("source_location"))
        if key in seen_keys:
            continue
        seen_keys.add(key)
        rewritten.append(e)
    all_edges[:] = rewritten


def _resolve_swift_member_calls(
    per_file: list[dict],
    all_nodes: list[dict],
    all_edges: list[dict],
) -> None:
    """Resolve cross-file Swift member calls (``recv.method()``) to the real
    definition of the receiver's type (#1356).

    The shared cross-file call pass drops every ``is_member_call`` because a bare
    method name (``update``) collides across the corpus and inflates god-nodes
    (#543/#1219). Swift extractors record the receiver of each member call and a
    per-file ``name -> type`` table (``swift_type_table``); this pass uses them to
    type the receiver, then emits an edge ONLY when that type name resolves to
    exactly one definition. A type-qualified call (``Type.staticMethod()``) is
    EXTRACTED (the type is named explicitly in source); an instance call typed via
    local inference (``obj.method()``) is INFERRED. The shared-pass member-call drop
    stays intact: this is purely additive and fires only on receiver-typed Swift calls.

    Must run after id-disambiguation so node ids and caller_nids are final.
    """
    type_table_by_file: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {}
    for result in per_file:
        tt = result.get("swift_type_table")
        if tt and tt.get("path"):
            type_table_by_file[tt["path"]] = tt.get("table", {})
    if not type_table_by_file:
        return

    def _key(label: str) -> str:
        return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]+", "", str(label)).lower()

    # A genuine Swift type is the target of a `contains` edge from its file node.
    # Bare type references create a same-label shadow node (via ensure_named_node)
    # that carries a source_file but is NOT contained; excluding non-contained
    # nodes keeps that shadow from making a real type name look ambiguous.
    contained = {e.get("target") for e in all_edges if e.get("relation") == "contains"}

    # Type name -> definition node ids (real, source-backed, type-like defs only).
    # len != 1 is the god-node guard: an ambiguous type name bails.
    type_def_nids: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
    node_by_id: dict[str, dict] = {}
    for n in all_nodes:
        node_by_id[n.get("id")] = n
        if n.get("source_file") and n.get("id") in contained and _is_type_like_definition(n):
            type_def_nids.setdefault(_key(n.get("label", "")), []).append(n["id"])

    # (type_node_id, method_key) -> method_node_id, from `method` edges.
    method_index: dict[tuple[str, str], str] = {}
    for e in all_edges:
        if e.get("relation") != "method":
            continue
        src, tgt = e.get("source"), e.get("target")
        tnode = node_by_id.get(tgt)
        if tnode is not None:
            method_index[(src, _key(tnode.get("label", "")))] = tgt

    all_raw_calls: list[dict] = []
    for result in per_file:
        all_raw_calls.extend(result.get("raw_calls", []))

    existing_pairs = {(e.get("source"), e.get("target")) for e in all_edges}
    for rc in all_raw_calls:
        if not rc.get("is_member_call"):
            continue
        receiver = rc.get("receiver")
        callee = rc.get("callee")
        if not receiver or not callee:
            continue
        # Determine the receiver's type. An upper-cased receiver is itself a type
        # (Type.staticMethod(), Singleton.shared.x()); otherwise look it up in the
        # declaring file's local type table.
        if receiver[:1].isupper():
            type_name = receiver
            type_qualified = True
        else:
            type_name = type_table_by_file.get(rc.get("source_file", ""), {}).get(receiver)
            type_qualified = False
        if not type_name:
            continue
        type_defs = type_def_nids.get(_key(type_name), [])
        if len(type_defs) != 1:  # ambiguous or absent -> bail (god-node guard)
            continue
        type_nid = type_defs[0]
        caller = rc.get("caller_nid")
        if not caller:
            continue
        method_nid = method_index.get((type_nid, _key(callee)))
        target = method_nid or type_nid
        relation = "calls" if method_nid else "references"
        if target == caller or (caller, target) in existing_pairs:
            continue
        existing_pairs.add((caller, target))
        # A type-qualified call (`Type.staticMethod()`) names the receiver type
        # explicitly in source, so it is an exact reference — EXTRACTED, matching
        # the Python qualified-class-method pass (#1533). An instance call whose
        # receiver type came from local inference (`obj.method()`) stays INFERRED.
        all_edges.append({
            "source": caller,
            "target": target,
            "relation": relation,
            "context": "call",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED" if type_qualified else "INFERRED",
            "confidence_score": 1.0 if type_qualified else 0.8,
            "source_file": rc.get("source_file", ""),
            "source_location": rc.get("source_location"),
            "weight": 1.0,
        })


def _resolve_python_member_calls(
    per_file: list[dict],
    all_nodes: list[dict],
    all_edges: list[dict],
) -> None:
    """Resolve cross-file Python qualified class-method calls (``ClassName.method()``)
    to the class-qualified method node (#1446).

    The shared cross-file call pass drops every ``is_member_call`` because a bare
    method name (``log``) collides across the corpus and inflates god-nodes
    (#543/#1219). That guard is right for *instance* calls (``obj.method()``) but
    misses *class-qualified* calls (``ClassName.method()``), where the receiver is
    an explicitly-named class — an exact, unambiguous reference. This pass uses the
    receiver captured by the extractor, and when it is a capitalized name resolving
    to exactly one class node that owns the called method, emits an EXTRACTED
    ``calls`` edge. Purely additive (only member calls the shared pass skipped),
    with a single-definition god-node guard.

    Must run after id-disambiguation so node ids and caller_nids are final.
    """
    def _key(label: str) -> str:
        return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]+", "", str(label)).lower()

    node_by_id: dict[str, dict] = {n.get("id"): n for n in all_nodes}

    # A class owns methods: it is the source of one or more `method` edges. Index
    # class label -> owning class node ids (len != 1 is the god-node guard), and
    # (class_node_id, method_key) -> method_node_id.
    class_def_nids: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
    method_index: dict[tuple[str, str], str] = {}
    for e in all_edges:
        if e.get("relation") != "method":
            continue
        src, tgt = e.get("source"), e.get("target")
        cnode = node_by_id.get(src)
        if cnode is not None:
            class_def_nids.setdefault(_key(cnode.get("label", "")), []).append(src)
        tnode = node_by_id.get(tgt)
        if tnode is not None:
            method_index[(src, _key(tnode.get("label", "")))] = tgt
    if not class_def_nids:
        return
    # A class with N methods produced N entries; collapse to a unique set.
    for k in list(class_def_nids):
        class_def_nids[k] = sorted(set(class_def_nids[k]))

    all_raw_calls: list[dict] = []
    for result in per_file:
        all_raw_calls.extend(result.get("raw_calls", []))

    existing_pairs = {(e.get("source"), e.get("target")) for e in all_edges}
    for rc in all_raw_calls:
        if not rc.get("is_member_call"):
            continue
        receiver = rc.get("receiver")
        callee = rc.get("callee")
        caller = rc.get("caller_nid")
        if not receiver or not callee or not caller:
            continue
        # Only a capitalized receiver is treated as a class reference, so an
        # instance/module (`self`, `obj`, `config`) never collides with a
        # same-spelled class via the case-folding key.
        if not receiver[:1].isupper():
            continue
        class_nids = class_def_nids.get(_key(receiver), [])
        if len(class_nids) != 1:  # absent or ambiguous -> bail (god-node guard)
            continue
        method_nid = method_index.get((class_nids[0], _key(callee)))
        if not method_nid or method_nid == caller:
            continue
        if (caller, method_nid) in existing_pairs:
            continue
        existing_pairs.add((caller, method_nid))
        # EXTRACTED: a qualified `ClassName.method()` is an explicit, unambiguous
        # static reference (unlike a bare instance member call), and the class
        # resolved to exactly one definition that owns the method.
        all_edges.append({
            "source": caller,
            "target": method_nid,
            "relation": "calls",
            "context": "call",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            "confidence_score": 1.0,
            "source_file": rc.get("source_file", ""),
            "source_location": rc.get("source_location"),
            "weight": 1.0,
        })


def _resolve_typescript_member_calls(
    per_file: list[dict],
    all_nodes: list[dict],
    all_edges: list[dict],
) -> None:
    """Resolve cross-file TS/JS member calls via constructor-injection type tables (#1316).

    ``this.repo.findById()`` drops out in the shared cross-file pass because bare
    ``findById`` collides across the corpus (god-node guard).  TS constructors with
    parameter-property modifiers (``private repo: IUserRepository``) produce a
    per-file type table mapping field names to their declared types.  This pass
    looks up the receiver field's type, finds a single-definition class/interface
    owning a method with the callee name, and emits an EXTRACTED ``calls`` edge.
    """
    type_table_by_file: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {}
    for result in per_file:
        tt = result.get("ts_type_table")
        if tt and tt.get("path"):
            type_table_by_file[tt["path"]] = tt.get("table", {})
    if not type_table_by_file:
        return

    def _key(label: str) -> str:
        return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]+", "", str(label)).lower()

    contained = {e.get("target") for e in all_edges if e.get("relation") == "contains"}

    type_def_nids: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
    node_by_id: dict[str, dict] = {}
    for n in all_nodes:
        node_by_id[n.get("id")] = n
        if n.get("source_file") and n.get("id") in contained and _is_type_like_definition(n):
            type_def_nids.setdefault(_key(n.get("label", "")), []).append(n["id"])

    method_index: dict[tuple[str, str], str] = {}
    for e in all_edges:
        if e.get("relation") != "method":
            continue
        src, tgt = e.get("source"), e.get("target")
        tnode = node_by_id.get(tgt)
        if tnode is not None:
            method_index[(src, _key(tnode.get("label", "")))] = tgt

    all_raw_calls: list[dict] = []
    for result in per_file:
        all_raw_calls.extend(result.get("raw_calls", []))

    existing_pairs = {(e.get("source"), e.get("target")) for e in all_edges}
    for rc in all_raw_calls:
        if not rc.get("is_member_call"):
            continue
        receiver = rc.get("receiver")
        callee = rc.get("callee")
        caller = rc.get("caller_nid")
        if not receiver or not callee or not caller:
            continue
        if receiver[:1].isupper():
            type_name = receiver
        else:
            type_name = type_table_by_file.get(rc.get("source_file", ""), {}).get(receiver)
        if not type_name:
            continue
        # A builtin global receiver type (Date, Promise, Map, ...) must not resolve
        # to a user symbol. _key() casefolds, so `x: Date; x.getTime()` would bind
        # the caller to a same-named user `class DATE` in another file, inventing
        # phantom `references[call]` edges and a false god node (#1726). The
        # cross-file CALL resolver already skips these globals; do the same here.
        if type_name in _LANGUAGE_BUILTIN_GLOBALS:
            continue
        type_defs = type_def_nids.get(_key(type_name), [])
        if len(type_defs) != 1:
            continue
        type_nid = type_defs[0]
        method_nid = method_index.get((type_nid, _key(callee)))
        target = method_nid or type_nid
        relation = "calls" if method_nid else "references"
        if target == caller or (caller, target) in existing_pairs:
            continue
        existing_pairs.add((caller, target))
        all_edges.append({
            "source": caller,
            "target": target,
            "relation": relation,
            "context": "call",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            "confidence_score": 1.0,
            "source_file": rc.get("source_file", ""),
            "source_location": rc.get("source_location"),
            "weight": 1.0,
        })


def _resolve_cpp_member_calls(
    per_file: list[dict],
    all_nodes: list[dict],
    all_edges: list[dict],
) -> None:
    """Resolve cross-file C++ member calls (``f.bar()``, ``f->bar()``,
    ``Foo::bar()``, ``this->bar()``) to the real definition of the receiver's type
    (#1547).

    The shared cross-file pass drops every ``is_member_call`` because a bare method
    name (``bar``) collides across the corpus and inflates god-nodes (#543/#1219).
    The C++ extractor records each member call's receiver and a per-file
    ``var -> ClassName`` table (``cpp_type_table``) built from local declarations.
    This pass types the receiver, then emits an edge ONLY when that type resolves
    to exactly ONE definition (the god-node guard).

    Receiver typing, by precision tier:
      * ``Foo::bar()`` — the scope ``Foo`` names the type explicitly -> EXTRACTED.
      * ``this->bar()`` — the receiver is the caller's own enclosing class -> EXTRACTED.
      * ``f.bar()`` / ``f->bar()`` — ``f`` typed via the file's local table -> INFERRED.
    A receiver whose type can't be inferred locally is SKIPPED (no guess): a false
    call edge is worse than a missing one. The ``_merge_decl_def_classes`` pass has
    already folded each header/impl class pair into one node, so a paired class is a
    single definition and clears the single-definition guard.

    Must run after id-disambiguation so node ids and caller_nids are final.
    """
    type_table_by_file: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {}
    for result in per_file:
        tt = result.get("cpp_type_table")
        if tt and tt.get("path"):
            type_table_by_file[tt["path"]] = tt.get("table", {})

    def _key(label: str) -> str:
        return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]+", "", str(label)).lower()

    # A genuine C++ type is the target of a `contains` edge from its file node;
    # bare-reference shadow nodes (ensure_named_node stubs) are not contained, so
    # excluding non-contained nodes keeps them from making a real type ambiguous.
    contained = {e.get("target") for e in all_edges if e.get("relation") == "contains"}

    type_def_nids: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
    node_by_id: dict[str, dict] = {}
    for n in all_nodes:
        node_by_id[n.get("id")] = n
        if n.get("source_file") and n.get("id") in contained and _is_type_like_definition(n):
            type_def_nids.setdefault(_key(n.get("label", "")), []).append(n["id"])

    # (type_node_id, method_key) -> method_node_id, and caller -> enclosing type
    # (the owning class) for `this->` calls. A C++ class owns its members via
    # `method` edges (out-of-line definitions) AND `defines` edges (in-class
    # declarations, which the extractor models as fields); index both so a header-
    # declared `void bar();` resolves. `method` wins when a key has both.
    method_index: dict[tuple[str, str], str] = {}
    enclosing_type: dict[str, str] = {}
    for rel in ("defines", "method"):
        for e in all_edges:
            if e.get("relation") != rel:
                continue
            src, tgt = e.get("source"), e.get("target")
            tnode = node_by_id.get(tgt)
            if tnode is None:
                continue
            enclosing_type.setdefault(tgt, src)
            method_index[(src, _key(tnode.get("label", "")))] = tgt

    all_raw_calls: list[dict] = []
    for result in per_file:
        all_raw_calls.extend(result.get("raw_calls", []))

    existing_pairs = {(e.get("source"), e.get("target")) for e in all_edges}
    for rc in all_raw_calls:
        if not rc.get("is_member_call"):
            continue
        receiver = rc.get("receiver")
        callee = rc.get("callee")
        caller = rc.get("caller_nid")
        if not receiver or not callee or not caller:
            continue
        src_file = rc.get("source_file", "")
        # Only resolve C++ raw_calls (other languages share the raw_calls list;
        # a `.h` may route to either extract_cpp or extract_objc by content, so the
        # extractor-stamped `lang` tag — not the suffix — is the unambiguous gate).
        if rc.get("lang") != "cpp":
            continue
        # Determine the receiver's type and the resulting confidence.
        if receiver == "this":
            # this->bar(): receiver is the caller's own enclosing class.
            type_nid = enclosing_type.get(caller)
            if not type_nid:
                continue
            type_qualified = True
        elif receiver[:1].isupper():
            # Foo::bar(): the type is named explicitly in source.
            type_defs = type_def_nids.get(_key(receiver), [])
            if len(type_defs) != 1:  # ambiguous or absent -> bail (god-node guard)
                continue
            type_nid = type_defs[0]
            type_qualified = True
        else:
            # f.bar() / f->bar(): type the receiver via the file's local table.
            type_name = type_table_by_file.get(src_file, {}).get(receiver)
            if not type_name:
                continue
            type_defs = type_def_nids.get(_key(type_name), [])
            if len(type_defs) != 1:  # ambiguous or absent -> bail (god-node guard)
                continue
            type_nid = type_defs[0]
            type_qualified = False
        method_nid = method_index.get((type_nid, _key(callee)))
        target = method_nid or type_nid
        relation = "calls" if method_nid else "references"
        if target == caller or (caller, target) in existing_pairs:
            continue
        existing_pairs.add((caller, target))
        all_edges.append({
            "source": caller,
            "target": target,
            "relation": relation,
            "context": "call",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED" if type_qualified else "INFERRED",
            "confidence_score": 1.0 if type_qualified else 0.8,
            "source_file": src_file,
            "source_location": rc.get("source_location"),
            "weight": 1.0,
        })


def _resolve_csharp_member_calls(
    per_file: list[dict],
    all_nodes: list[dict],
    all_edges: list[dict],
) -> None:
    """Resolve C# member calls (``recv.Method()``) to the receiver's declared type
    (#1609).

    The shared cross-file pass drops every ``is_member_call`` because a bare method
    name collides across the corpus — and for C# an in-file bare match silently
    mis-bound ``_server.Save()`` to an unrelated ``Cache.Save()``. The C# extractor
    now records each member call's receiver plus a per-file ``name -> Type`` table
    (``csharp_type_table``) of fields/properties/params/locals. This pass types the
    receiver, then emits an edge ONLY when that type resolves to exactly ONE
    definition (the god-node guard); an untypable receiver is skipped (no guess).

    Receiver typing, by precision tier:
      * ``this.M()`` — receiver is the caller's own enclosing class -> EXTRACTED.
      * ``Type.M()`` (capitalized) — the type is named explicitly in source -> EXTRACTED.
      * ``recv.M()`` — ``recv`` typed via the file's field/param/local table -> INFERRED.

    Must run after id-disambiguation so node ids and caller_nids are final.
    """
    type_table_by_file: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {}
    for result in per_file:
        tt = result.get("csharp_type_table")
        if tt and tt.get("path"):
            type_table_by_file[tt["path"]] = tt.get("table", {})

    def _key(label: str) -> str:
        return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]+", "", str(label)).lower()

    contained = {e.get("target") for e in all_edges if e.get("relation") == "contains"}

    type_def_nids: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
    node_by_id: dict[str, dict] = {}
    for n in all_nodes:
        node_by_id[n.get("id")] = n
        if n.get("source_file") and n.get("id") in contained and _is_type_like_definition(n):
            type_def_nids.setdefault(_key(n.get("label", "")), []).append(n["id"])

    # (type_node_id, method_key) -> method_node_id, and caller -> enclosing type.
    # C# owns its methods via `method` edges.
    method_index: dict[tuple[str, str], str] = {}
    enclosing_type: dict[str, str] = {}
    for e in all_edges:
        if e.get("relation") != "method":
            continue
        src, tgt = e.get("source"), e.get("target")
        tnode = node_by_id.get(tgt)
        if tnode is None:
            continue
        enclosing_type.setdefault(tgt, src)
        method_index[(src, _key(tnode.get("label", "")))] = tgt

    all_raw_calls: list[dict] = []
    for result in per_file:
        all_raw_calls.extend(result.get("raw_calls", []))

    existing_pairs = {(e.get("source"), e.get("target")) for e in all_edges}
    for rc in all_raw_calls:
        if rc.get("lang") != "csharp" or not rc.get("is_member_call"):
            continue
        receiver = rc.get("receiver")
        callee = rc.get("callee")
        caller = rc.get("caller_nid")
        if not receiver or not callee or not caller:
            continue
        src_file = rc.get("source_file", "")
        if receiver == "this":
            type_nid = enclosing_type.get(caller)
            if not type_nid:
                continue
            type_qualified = True
        elif receiver[:1].isupper():
            # Type.M() — the type is named explicitly (also covers a Pascal-cased
            # local whose name equals its type, resolved via the table below if the
            # explicit-type lookup misses).
            type_defs = type_def_nids.get(_key(receiver), [])
            if len(type_defs) != 1:
                type_name = type_table_by_file.get(src_file, {}).get(receiver)
                type_defs = type_def_nids.get(_key(type_name), []) if type_name else []
                if len(type_defs) != 1:
                    continue
            type_nid = type_defs[0]
            type_qualified = True
        else:
            type_name = type_table_by_file.get(src_file, {}).get(receiver)
            if not type_name:
                continue
            type_defs = type_def_nids.get(_key(type_name), [])
            if len(type_defs) != 1:  # ambiguous or absent -> bail (god-node guard)
                continue
            type_nid = type_defs[0]
            type_qualified = False
        method_nid = method_index.get((type_nid, _key(callee)))
        if not method_nid:
            continue  # receiver typed, but the type has no such method — skip
        if method_nid == caller or (caller, method_nid) in existing_pairs:
            continue
        existing_pairs.add((caller, method_nid))
        all_edges.append({
            "source": caller,
            "target": method_nid,
            "relation": "calls",
            "context": "call",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED" if type_qualified else "INFERRED",
            "confidence_score": 1.0 if type_qualified else 0.8,
            "source_file": src_file,
            "source_location": rc.get("source_location"),
            "weight": 1.0,
        })


def _resolve_objc_member_calls(
    per_file: list[dict],
    all_nodes: list[dict],
    all_edges: list[dict],
) -> None:
    """Resolve cross-file Objective-C message sends (``[recv sel]``) to the real
    definition of the receiver's type (#1556).

    The ObjC extractor keeps its same-file selector matching (alloc/init refs,
    dot-syntax accesses, @selector) and additionally emits ``raw_calls`` for every
    message send, with the receiver and the reconstructed selector as the callee.
    This pass types the receiver and emits a cross-file ``calls`` edge ONLY when the
    type resolves to exactly ONE definition (the god-node guard).

    Receiver typing:
      * ``self`` / ``super`` — the caller's own enclosing class -> EXTRACTED.
      * Capitalized receiver (``[Foo new]``) — the type named explicitly -> EXTRACTED.
      * ``[f doThing]`` — ``f`` typed via the file's ``Foo *f`` local table -> INFERRED.
    An uninferable receiver is SKIPPED (no guess), so an ambiguous selector across
    classes never fans out. ``_merge_decl_def_classes`` folds each @interface/@impl
    pair into one node, so a paired class clears the single-definition guard.

    Must run after id-disambiguation so node ids and caller_nids are final.
    """
    type_table_by_file: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {}
    for result in per_file:
        tt = result.get("objc_type_table")
        if tt and tt.get("path"):
            type_table_by_file[tt["path"]] = tt.get("table", {})

    def _key(label: str) -> str:
        return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]+", "", str(label)).lower()

    contained = {e.get("target") for e in all_edges if e.get("relation") == "contains"}

    type_def_nids: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
    node_by_id: dict[str, dict] = {}
    for n in all_nodes:
        node_by_id[n.get("id")] = n
        if n.get("source_file") and n.get("id") in contained and _is_type_like_definition(n):
            type_def_nids.setdefault(_key(n.get("label", "")), []).append(n["id"])

    method_index: dict[tuple[str, str], str] = {}
    enclosing_type: dict[str, str] = {}
    for e in all_edges:
        if e.get("relation") != "method":
            continue
        src, tgt = e.get("source"), e.get("target")
        enclosing_type.setdefault(tgt, src)
        tnode = node_by_id.get(tgt)
        if tnode is not None:
            # ObjC method labels carry a +/- sigil (`-doThing`); strip it so the
            # selector `doThing` keys to the method.
            method_index[(src, _key(tnode.get("label", "")))] = tgt

    all_raw_calls: list[dict] = []
    for result in per_file:
        all_raw_calls.extend(result.get("raw_calls", []))

    existing_pairs = {(e.get("source"), e.get("target")) for e in all_edges}
    for rc in all_raw_calls:
        if not rc.get("is_member_call"):
            continue
        receiver = rc.get("receiver")
        callee = rc.get("callee")
        caller = rc.get("caller_nid")
        if not receiver or not callee or not caller:
            continue
        src_file = rc.get("source_file", "")
        if rc.get("lang") != "objc":
            continue
        if receiver in ("self", "super"):
            type_nid = enclosing_type.get(caller)
            if not type_nid:
                continue
            type_qualified = True
        elif receiver[:1].isupper():
            type_defs = type_def_nids.get(_key(receiver), [])
            if len(type_defs) != 1:  # ambiguous or absent -> bail (god-node guard)
                continue
            type_nid = type_defs[0]
            type_qualified = True
        else:
            type_name = type_table_by_file.get(src_file, {}).get(receiver)
            if not type_name:
                continue
            type_defs = type_def_nids.get(_key(type_name), [])
            if len(type_defs) != 1:  # ambiguous or absent -> bail (god-node guard)
                continue
            type_nid = type_defs[0]
            type_qualified = False
        method_nid = method_index.get((type_nid, _key(callee)))
        target = method_nid or type_nid
        relation = "calls" if method_nid else "references"
        if target == caller or (caller, target) in existing_pairs:
            continue
        existing_pairs.add((caller, target))
        all_edges.append({
            "source": caller,
            "target": target,
            "relation": relation,
            "context": "call",
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED" if type_qualified else "INFERRED",
            "confidence_score": 1.0 if type_qualified else 0.8,
            "source_file": src_file,
            "source_location": rc.get("source_location"),
            "weight": 1.0,
        })


# Register the cross-file, language-specific member-call resolvers into the shared
# registry (framework lives in graphify.resolver_registry). A new language plugs in
# by adding one register() call below — no edits to extract()'s body. Order
# preserved from the prior inlined wiring: Swift (#1356) before Python (#1446).
register_language_resolver(
    LanguageResolver("swift_member_calls", frozenset({".swift"}), _resolve_swift_member_calls)
)
register_language_resolver(
    LanguageResolver("python_member_calls", frozenset({".py"}), _resolve_python_member_calls)
)
# Ruby type-aware member-call resolution (Class.new + typed var.method). Lives in
# graphify.ruby_resolution; registered here as a second consumer of the framework.
register_language_resolver(
    LanguageResolver("ruby_member_calls", frozenset({".rb"}), resolve_ruby_member_calls)
)
register_language_resolver(
    LanguageResolver("typescript_member_calls", frozenset({".ts", ".tsx", ".mts", ".cts", ".js", ".jsx"}), _resolve_typescript_member_calls)
)
# C++ (#1547) and ObjC (#1556) receiver-typed member-call resolution. `.h` is in
# both suffix sets because it routes to extract_cpp or extract_objc by content; the
# resolvers each claim only their own raw_calls via the extractor-stamped `lang`.
register_language_resolver(
    LanguageResolver(
        "cpp_member_calls",
        frozenset({".cpp", ".cc", ".cxx", ".hpp", ".cu", ".cuh", ".metal", ".h"}),
        _resolve_cpp_member_calls,
    )
)
register_language_resolver(
    LanguageResolver(
        "objc_member_calls",
        frozenset({".m", ".mm", ".h"}),
        _resolve_objc_member_calls,
    )
)
# C# receiver-typed member-call resolution (#1609): `field/param/local.Method()`
# bound to the receiver's declared type instead of a bare same-named match.
register_language_resolver(
    LanguageResolver("csharp_member_calls", frozenset({".cs"}), _resolve_csharp_member_calls)
)


def extract_objc(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract interfaces, implementations, protocols, methods, and imports from .m/.mm/.h files."""
    try:
        import tree_sitter_objc as tsobjc
        from tree_sitter import Language, Parser
    except ImportError:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": "tree_sitter_objc not installed"}

    try:
        language = Language(tsobjc.language())
        parser = Parser(language)
        source = path.read_bytes()
        # tree-sitter-objc cannot expand these argument-less annotation macros (no
        # trailing ';'), and their presence before @interface makes the parser fail to
        # emit a class_interface node (#1475). Blank them to equal-length spaces so byte
        # offsets / line numbers are preserved and the interface parses.
        _OBJC_BLANK_MACROS = (b"NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN", b"NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END")
        for _m in _OBJC_BLANK_MACROS:
            source = source.replace(_m, b" " * len(_m))
        tree = parser.parse(source)
        root = tree.root_node
    except Exception as e:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": str(e)}

    stem = _file_stem(path)
    str_path = str(path)
    nodes: list[dict] = []
    edges: list[dict] = []
    seen_ids: set[str] = set()
    method_bodies: list[tuple[str, Any, str]] = []
    # #1556: unresolved message sends saved for the cross-file ObjC resolver, plus a
    # per-file `var -> ClassName` table from `Foo *f = ...;` local declarations.
    raw_calls: list[dict] = []
    objc_type_table: dict[str, str] = {}

    def add_node(nid: str, label: str, line: int) -> None:
        if nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(nid)
            nodes.append({"id": nid, "label": label, "file_type": "code",
                          "source_file": str_path, "source_location": f"L{line}"})

    def add_edge(src: str, tgt: str, relation: str, line: int,
                 confidence: str = "EXTRACTED", weight: float = 1.0,
                 context: str | None = None) -> None:
        edge = {"source": src, "target": tgt, "relation": relation,
                "confidence": confidence, "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{line}", "weight": weight}
        if context:
            edge["context"] = context
        edges.append(edge)

    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))
    add_node(file_nid, path.name, 1)

    def _read(node) -> str:
        return source[node.start_byte:node.end_byte].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")

    def _get_name(node, field: str) -> str | None:
        n = node.child_by_field_name(field)
        return _read(n) if n else None

    def _type_identifiers(node):
        """Yield every type_identifier under a property's type node, descending
        through generic_specifier/type_name so NSArray<Product *> yields both
        NSArray and the element type Product (the generic case was invisible
        because the type was wrapped in a generic_specifier, not a bare
        type_identifier child) (#1475)."""
        if node.type == "type_identifier":
            yield node
            return
        for c in node.children:
            yield from _type_identifiers(c)

    def ensure_named_node(name: str, line: int) -> str:
        nid = _make_id(stem, name)
        if nid in seen_ids:
            return nid
        nid = _make_id(name)
        if nid not in seen_ids:
            # The name isn't defined in this file, so this is a cross-file reference
            # (e.g. a `Thing` type annotation imported from another module). Emit a
            # SOURCELESS stub — like the inheritance-base path below — so the
            # corpus-level rewire can collapse it onto the real definition. A sourced
            # stub here makes _disambiguate_colliding_node_ids bake the referencing
            # file's path (with extension) into the id and blocks the rewire, which is
            # the phantom-duplicate-node bug (#1402).
            seen_ids.add(nid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": nid,
                "label": name,
                "file_type": "code",
                "source_file": "",
                "source_location": "",
                "origin_file": str_path,
            })
        return nid

    def walk(node, parent_nid: str | None = None) -> None:
        t = node.type
        line = node.start_point[0] + 1

        if t == "preproc_include":
            # #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> or #import "MyClass.h"
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "system_lib_string":
                    raw = _read(child).strip("<>")
                    module = raw.split("/")[-1].replace(".h", "")
                    if module:
                        tgt_nid = _make_id(module)
                        add_edge(file_nid, tgt_nid, "imports", line, context="import")
                elif child.type == "string_literal":
                    # recurse into string_literal to find string_content
                    for sub in child.children:
                        if sub.type == "string_content":
                            raw = _read(sub)
                            # Resolve the quoted include to a real file so the target id
                            # matches the (possibly disambiguated) node id _make_id gives
                            # that file; the bare-stem id never survives
                            # _disambiguate_colliding_node_ids when a .h/.m pair exists,
                            # so the edge dangled and was dropped (#1475).
                            resolved = _resolve_c_include_path(raw, str_path)
                            if resolved is not None:
                                add_edge(file_nid, _make_id(str(resolved)), "imports", line, context="import")
                            else:
                                module = raw.split("/")[-1].replace(".h", "")
                                if module:
                                    add_edge(file_nid, _make_id(module), "imports", line, context="import")
            return

        if t == "module_import":
            # @import Foundation;  /  @import Foundation.NSString;
            path_node = node.child_by_field_name("path")
            if path_node is not None:
                module = _read(path_node).split(".")[0].strip()
                if module:
                    add_edge(file_nid, _make_id(module), "imports", line, context="import")
            return

        if t == "class_interface":
            # @interface ClassName : SuperClass <Protocols>
            # children: @interface, identifier(name), ':', identifier(super), parameterized_arguments, ...
            identifiers = [c for c in node.children if c.type == "identifier"]
            if not identifiers:
                for child in node.children:
                    walk(child, parent_nid)
                return
            name = _read(identifiers[0])
            cls_nid = _make_id(stem, name)
            add_node(cls_nid, name, line)
            add_edge(file_nid, cls_nid, "contains", line)
            # superclass is second identifier after ':'
            colon_seen = False
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == ":":
                    colon_seen = True
                elif colon_seen and child.type == "identifier":
                    super_nid = ensure_named_node(_read(child), line)
                    add_edge(cls_nid, super_nid, "inherits", line)
                    colon_seen = False
                elif child.type == "parameterized_arguments":
                    # protocols adopted: @interface Foo : Bar <Proto1, Proto2>
                    for sub in child.children:
                        if sub.type == "type_name":
                            for s in sub.children:
                                if s.type == "type_identifier":
                                    proto_nid = ensure_named_node(_read(s), line)
                                    add_edge(cls_nid, proto_nid, "implements", line)
                elif child.type == "property_declaration":
                    prop_line = child.start_point[0] + 1
                    for sub in child.children:
                        if sub.type == "struct_declaration":
                            # The type is either a direct type_identifier
                            # (NSString *x) or wrapped in a generic_specifier
                            # (NSArray<Product *> *xs). Walk every type name in the
                            # type portion, skipping the declarator (the *field
                            # name), so generic collections are no longer invisible.
                            seen_types: set[str] = set()
                            for s in sub.children:
                                if s.type in ("struct_declarator", ";"):
                                    continue
                                for ti in _type_identifiers(s):
                                    tname = _read(ti)
                                    if tname in seen_types:
                                        continue
                                    seen_types.add(tname)
                                    type_nid = ensure_named_node(tname, prop_line)
                                    edges.append(_semantic_reference_edge(
                                        cls_nid, type_nid, "field", str_path, prop_line))
                elif child.type == "method_declaration":
                    walk(child, cls_nid)
            return

        if t == "class_implementation":
            # @implementation ClassName
            name = None
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "identifier":
                    name = _read(child)
                    break
            if not name:
                for child in node.children:
                    walk(child, parent_nid)
                return
            impl_nid = _make_id(stem, name)
            if impl_nid not in seen_ids:
                add_node(impl_nid, name, line)
                add_edge(file_nid, impl_nid, "contains", line)
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "implementation_definition":
                    for sub in child.children:
                        walk(sub, impl_nid)
            return

        if t == "protocol_declaration":
            name = None
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "identifier":
                    name = _read(child)
                    break
            if name:
                proto_nid = _make_id(stem, name)
                add_node(proto_nid, f"<{name}>", line)
                add_edge(file_nid, proto_nid, "contains", line)
                # Adopted protocols: `@protocol Derived <Base, Other>`. These
                # nest under a protocol_reference_list node (distinct from the
                # parameterized_arguments node used by @interface adoption), so
                # they were never emitted. Emit an `implements` edge for each,
                # matching how @interface protocol adoption is handled.
                for child in node.children:
                    if child.type == "protocol_reference_list":
                        for sub in child.children:
                            if sub.type == "identifier":
                                base_nid = ensure_named_node(_read(sub), line)
                                if base_nid != proto_nid:
                                    add_edge(proto_nid, base_nid, "implements", line)
                for child in node.children:
                    walk(child, proto_nid)
            return

        if t in ("method_declaration", "method_definition"):
            container = parent_nid or file_nid
            # Class methods start with '+', instance methods with '-' (the grammar
            # emits the sigil as the first child). The selector is the concatenation
            # of the direct identifier children: one for a simple selector (-go),
            # several for a compound one (-tableView:numberOfRowsInSection: ->
            # "tableViewnumberOfRowsInSection"); method_parameter holds the arg
            # types/names, not selector keywords, so it is correctly skipped.
            prefix = "-"
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type in ("+", "-"):
                    prefix = child.type
                    break
            parts = [_read(c) for c in node.children if c.type == "identifier"]
            method_name = "".join(parts) if parts else None
            if method_name:
                method_nid = _make_id(container, method_name)
                add_node(method_nid, f"{prefix}{method_name}", line)
                add_edge(container, method_nid, "method", line)
                if t == "method_definition":
                    method_bodies.append((method_nid, node, container))
            return

        for child in node.children:
            walk(child, parent_nid)

    walk(root)

    # Second pass: resolve calls inside method bodies
    all_method_nids = {n["id"] for n in nodes if n["id"] != file_nid}
    class_method_nids: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
    for m_nid, _, container_nid in method_bodies:
        class_method_nids.setdefault(container_nid, set()).add(m_nid)
    seen_calls: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
    # #1556: per-file `var -> ClassName` table from local declarations in every
    # method body, so the cross-file resolver can type a `[f doThing]` receiver.
    for _m_nid, body_node, _container in method_bodies:
        _objc_local_var_types(body_node, source, objc_type_table)

    for caller_nid, body_node, container_nid in method_bodies:
        sibling_nids = class_method_nids.get(container_nid, set())

        def walk_calls(n) -> None:
            if n.type == "message_expression":
                # `[[Foo alloc] init]` is a message_expression whose method is the
                # identifier `alloc` and whose receiver is the bare class identifier
                # `Foo`; resolve that class name and emit a `references` edge so the
                # allocating method links to the allocated type. ensure_named_node
                # emits a sourceless stub for unknown names, which the corpus rewire
                # collapses ONLY when exactly one real class of that name exists, so an
                # unknown/ambiguous class produces no false resolved edge (#1475).
                meth = n.child_by_field_name("method")
                recv = n.child_by_field_name("receiver")
                if (meth is not None and meth.type == "identifier" and _read(meth) == "alloc"
                        and recv is not None and recv.type == "identifier"):
                    tname = _read(recv)
                    ref_line = n.start_point[0] + 1
                    type_nid = ensure_named_node(tname, ref_line)
                    if type_nid != caller_nid:
                        edges.append(_semantic_reference_edge(
                            caller_nid, type_nid, "type", str_path, ref_line))
                # [receiver sel] and [receiver kw1:a kw2:b] both parse to a
                # message_expression whose selector parts carry the field name
                # "method" (one for a simple selector, several for a compound one);
                # the receiver carries field name "receiver". Reconstruct the
                # selector from every "method" child so self/super/ClassName
                # receivers are never mistaken for a selector, and compound sends
                # resolve too (the whole second pass was previously dead code for
                # ObjC because the grammar emits these as `identifier`, not
                # `selector`/`keyword_argument_list`) (#1475).
                sel_parts = [
                    _read(child)
                    for i, child in enumerate(n.children)
                    if n.field_name_for_child(i) == "method" and child.type == "identifier"
                ]
                method_name = "".join(sel_parts)
                if method_name:
                    needle = _make_id("", method_name).lstrip("_")
                    for candidate in all_method_nids:
                        if candidate.endswith(needle):
                            pair = (caller_nid, candidate)
                            if pair not in seen_calls and caller_nid != candidate:
                                seen_calls.add(pair)
                                add_edge(caller_nid, candidate, "calls", n.start_point[0] + 1,
                                         confidence="EXTRACTED", weight=1.0, context="call")
                    # #1556: also emit a raw_call so the cross-file resolver can type
                    # the receiver and link to a method in ANOTHER file. A bare
                    # identifier receiver (`f`, `self`, `Foo`) is captured; a nested
                    # message send (`[[Foo alloc] init]`) has no simple receiver name
                    # to type, so it is left to the alloc/init `references` edge above.
                    if recv is not None and recv.type == "identifier":
                        raw_calls.append({
                            "caller_nid": caller_nid,
                            "callee": method_name,
                            "is_member_call": True,
                            "source_file": str_path,
                            "source_location": f"L{n.start_point[0] + 1}",
                            "receiver": _read(recv),
                            "lang": "objc",
                        })
            elif n.type == "field_expression":
                # self.name / self.product.name — dot-syntax sugar for [self name].
                # Resolve to a sibling method of the SAME class, matched by EXACT
                # node id (a method id is _make_id(container, name)). A suffix
                # substring match would mis-resolve self.name -> -surname and would
                # let a substring-colliding sibling (-surname) suppress the real
                # -name edge, so it must be an exact match (#1475).
                for child in n.children:
                    if child.type == "field_identifier":
                        field_name = _read(child)
                        target = _make_id(container_nid, field_name)
                        if target in sibling_nids and target != caller_nid:
                            pair = (caller_nid, target)
                            if pair not in seen_calls:
                                seen_calls.add(pair)
                                add_edge(caller_nid, target, "accesses",
                                         n.start_point[0] + 1,
                                         confidence="EXTRACTED", weight=1.0)
            elif n.type == "selector_expression":
                # @selector(doSomething:withParam:) — compile-time method ref.
                # Match the selector name EXACTLY (a method id is
                # _make_id(container, name)) against every class's methods, and emit
                # only when exactly one method matches, to avoid ambiguous fan-out.
                # Exact match (not a suffix) keeps -doThing distinct from
                # -reallyDoThing (#1475).
                sel_parts = [_read(c) for c in n.children if c.type == "identifier"]
                sel_name = "".join(sel_parts)
                if sel_name:
                    matches = sorted({
                        m for m, _, cont in method_bodies
                        if m == _make_id(cont, sel_name) and m != caller_nid
                    })
                    if len(matches) == 1:
                        pair = (caller_nid, matches[0])
                        if pair not in seen_calls:
                            seen_calls.add(pair)
                            add_edge(caller_nid, matches[0], "calls",
                                     n.start_point[0] + 1,
                                     confidence="EXTRACTED", weight=1.0,
                                     context="call")
            for child in n.children:
                walk_calls(child)
        walk_calls(body_node)

    result = {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges, "raw_calls": raw_calls,
              "input_tokens": 0, "output_tokens": 0}
    if objc_type_table:
        result["objc_type_table"] = {"path": str_path, "table": objc_type_table}
    return result


# Inline markdown link: [text](target "optional title"). The negative lookbehind
# excludes images (![alt](src)). The target stops at whitespace/closing paren so
# an optional "title" after the URL is dropped; an optional <...> wrapper is too.
# Reference-style link definition line: [label]: target "optional title"
# Obsidian-style wikilink: [[target]] / [[target|alias]] / [[target#anchor]].

# Extensions graphify creates document file nodes for. A link to one of these
# resolves to that file's node; links to code/assets are skipped (left to the
# language extractors).


# ── Pascal / Delphi extractor ─────────────────────────────────────────────────


_PAS_TOKEN_RE = re.compile(
    r"'(?:''|[^'])*'"
    r"|\{[^}]*\}"
    r"|\(\*.*?\*\)"
    r"|//[^\n]*",
    re.DOTALL,
)
_PAS_MODULE_RE = re.compile(
    r"\b(unit|program|library)\s+([A-Za-z_][\w.]*)\s*;",
    re.IGNORECASE,
)
_PAS_USES_RE = re.compile(
    r"\buses\b\s*([^;]+);",
    re.IGNORECASE | re.DOTALL,
)
_PAS_TYPE_HEADER_RE = re.compile(
    r"\b(?P<name>[A-Za-z_]\w*)(?:\s*<[^>]+>)?\s*=\s*(?:packed\s+)?"
    r"(?P<kind>class|interface)\b"
    r"(?:\s*\(\s*(?P<bases>[^)]*)\s*\))?",
    re.IGNORECASE,
)
_PAS_END_SEMI_RE = re.compile(r"\bend\s*;", re.IGNORECASE)
_PAS_METHOD_DECL_RE = re.compile(
    r"\b(?:procedure|function|constructor|destructor)\s+"
    r"(?P<name>[A-Za-z_]\w*)"
    r"(?:\s*\([^)]*\))?"
    r"(?:\s*:\s*[\w<>,\s.]+)?"
    r"\s*;",
    re.IGNORECASE,
)
_PAS_IMPL_HEADER_RE = re.compile(
    r"\b(?:procedure|function|constructor|destructor)\s+"
    r"(?P<qual>[A-Za-z_]\w*(?:\.[A-Za-z_]\w*)?)"
    r"(?:\s*<[^>]+>)?"
    r"(?:\s*\([^)]*\))?"
    r"(?:\s*:\s*[\w<>,\s.]+)?"
    r"\s*;",
    re.IGNORECASE,
)
_PAS_BEGIN_END_TOKEN_RE = re.compile(
    r"\b(begin|end|case|try|asm|record)\b", re.IGNORECASE
)
_PAS_CALL_RE = re.compile(r"\b([A-Za-z_]\w*(?:\.[A-Za-z_]\w*)*)\s*[(;]")
_PAS_KEYWORDS = frozenset({
    "begin", "end", "if", "then", "else", "while", "do", "for", "to",
    "downto", "repeat", "until", "case", "of", "try", "finally", "except",
    "with", "inherited", "result", "var", "const", "type", "nil", "true",
    "false", "exit", "break", "continue", "uses", "unit", "program",
    "library", "interface", "implementation", "initialization", "finalization",
    "procedure", "function", "constructor", "destructor", "class", "record",
    "object", "array", "string", "integer", "boolean", "real", "char",
    "writeln", "write", "readln", "read", "assigned", "length", "high",
    "low", "inc", "dec", "new", "dispose", "setlength", "copy", "pos",
    "trim", "format", "inttostr", "strtoint", "ord", "chr", "sizeof",
    "create", "free", "destroy",
})


def _pascal_strip_comments(text: str) -> str:
    """Strip Pascal comments ({}, (* *), //) while preserving newlines."""
    def _sub(m: re.Match) -> str:
        tok = m.group(0)
        if tok.startswith("'"):
            return tok
        return "".join(c if c == "\n" else " " for c in tok)
    return _PAS_TOKEN_RE.sub(_sub, text)


def _pascal_split_sections(text: str) -> tuple[str, int, str, int]:
    """Split into (iface_text, iface_offset, impl_text, impl_offset).
    Files without interface/implementation sections (dpr/lpr/inc) return
    the whole text as impl with offset 0.
    """
    iface_m = re.search(r"\binterface\b", text, re.IGNORECASE)
    impl_m = re.search(r"\bimplementation\b", text, re.IGNORECASE)
    if iface_m and impl_m:
        iface_off = iface_m.end()
        impl_off = impl_m.end()
        end_m = re.search(
            r"\b(initialization|finalization)\b", text[impl_off:], re.IGNORECASE
        )
        impl_end = impl_off + end_m.start() if end_m else len(text)
        return text[iface_off:impl_m.start()], iface_off, text[impl_off:impl_end], impl_off
    return "", 0, text, 0


def _pascal_split_uses(s: str) -> list[str]:
    """Split a uses list string, handling 'Foo in ''bar.pas''' syntax."""
    out = []
    for chunk in s.split(","):
        name = re.split(r"\s+in\s+", chunk.strip(), maxsplit=1, flags=re.IGNORECASE)[0]
        name = name.strip().strip(";")
        if name and re.match(r"[A-Za-z_][\w.]*$", name):
            out.append(name)
    return out


def _pascal_split_bases(s: str) -> list[str]:
    """Split inheritance list, handling generics like TList<T, U>."""
    out, depth, buf = [], 0, []
    for ch in s:
        if ch == "<":
            depth += 1
            buf.append(ch)
        elif ch == ">":
            depth -= 1
            buf.append(ch)
        elif ch == "," and depth == 0:
            name = re.sub(r"<.*$", "", "".join(buf).strip())
            if name:
                out.append(name)
            buf = []
        else:
            buf.append(ch)
    name = re.sub(r"<.*$", "", "".join(buf).strip())
    if name:
        out.append(name)
    return [n for n in out if re.match(r"[A-Za-z_]\w*$", n)]


def _pascal_find_body(text: str, start: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
    """Find balanced begin..end after start. Returns (body_start, body_end).
    Returns (0, 0) if no begin found.
    """
    m = re.search(r"\bbegin\b", text[start:], re.IGNORECASE)
    if not m:
        return (0, 0)
    body_start = start + m.end()
    depth = 1
    for tok in _PAS_BEGIN_END_TOKEN_RE.finditer(text, body_start):
        kw = tok.group(1).lower()
        if kw in ("begin", "case", "try", "asm", "record"):
            depth += 1
        elif kw == "end":
            depth -= 1
            if depth == 0:
                return (body_start, tok.start())
    return (body_start, len(text))


def _extract_pascal_regex(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Regex fallback for Pascal/Delphi extraction when tree-sitter-pascal
    is unavailable. Produces the same node/edge schema as the tree-sitter pass.
    """
    try:
        raw = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
    except Exception as exc:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": str(exc)}

    str_path = str(path)
    stem = _file_stem(path)
    nodes: list[dict] = []
    edges: list[dict] = []
    seen_ids: set[str] = set()
    seen_call_pairs: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()

    def _add_node(nid: str, label: str, line: int) -> None:
        if nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(nid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": nid,
                "label": label,
                "file_type": "code",
                "source_file": str_path,
                "source_location": f"L{line}",
            })

    def _add_edge(src: str, tgt: str, relation: str, line: int, context: str | None = None) -> None:
        edge: dict = {
            "source": src,
            "target": tgt,
            "relation": relation,
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
            "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}",
            "weight": 1.0,
        }
        if context:
            edge["context"] = context
        edges.append(edge)

    def _lineno(text: str, offset: int) -> int:
        return text.count("\n", 0, offset) + 1

    file_nid = _make_id(str_path)
    _add_node(file_nid, path.name, 1)

    stripped = _pascal_strip_comments(raw)

    # Module header
    module_nid = file_nid
    mod_m = _PAS_MODULE_RE.search(stripped)
    if mod_m:
        mod_name = mod_m.group(2)
        module_nid = _make_id(stem, mod_name)
        _add_node(module_nid, mod_name, _lineno(stripped, mod_m.start()))
        _add_edge(file_nid, module_nid, "contains", _lineno(stripped, mod_m.start()))

    iface_text, iface_off, impl_text, impl_off = _pascal_split_sections(stripped)

    # Uses clauses
    for section_text, section_off in ((iface_text, iface_off), (impl_text, impl_off)):
        for um in _PAS_USES_RE.finditer(section_text):
            line = _lineno(stripped, section_off + um.start())
            for unit_name in _pascal_split_uses(um.group(1)):
                tgt_nid = _pascal_resolve_unit(path, unit_name)
                _add_edge(module_nid, tgt_nid, "imports", line, context="import")

    # Type declarations (classes / interfaces) in interface section
    search_text = iface_text if iface_text else stripped
    search_off = iface_off if iface_text else 0
    pos = 0
    while pos < len(search_text):
        hm = _PAS_TYPE_HEADER_RE.search(search_text, pos)
        if not hm:
            break
        type_name = hm.group("name")
        bases_raw = hm.group("bases") or ""
        line = _lineno(stripped, search_off + hm.start())
        cls_nid = _make_id(stem, type_name)
        _add_node(cls_nid, type_name, line)
        _add_edge(module_nid, cls_nid, "contains", line)

        for base_name in _pascal_split_bases(bases_raw):
            resolved = _pascal_resolve_class(path, base_name)
            base_nid = resolved if resolved else _make_id(base_name)
            if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                _add_node(base_nid, base_name, line)
            _add_edge(cls_nid, base_nid, "inherits", line)

        # Find class body (up to next end;)
        end_m = _PAS_END_SEMI_RE.search(search_text, hm.end())
        body_text = search_text[hm.end():end_m.start()] if end_m else ""
        body_off = search_off + hm.end()

        # Forward method declarations inside the class body
        for mm in _PAS_METHOD_DECL_RE.finditer(body_text):
            mname = mm.group("name")
            mline = _lineno(stripped, body_off + mm.start())
            method_nid = _make_id(cls_nid, mname)
            _add_node(method_nid, f"{mname}()", mline)
            _add_edge(cls_nid, method_nid, "method", mline)

        pos = end_m.end() if end_m else len(search_text)

    # Implementation headers (procedure/function/constructor/destructor)
    impl_records: list[tuple[str, int, str]] = []
    for fm in _PAS_IMPL_HEADER_RE.finditer(impl_text):
        qualified = fm.group("qual")
        line = _lineno(stripped, impl_off + fm.start())
        if "." in qualified:
            cls_part, method_part = qualified.split(".", 1)
            cls_nid = _make_id(stem, cls_part)
            container = cls_nid if cls_nid in seen_ids else module_nid
            relation = "method" if cls_nid in seen_ids else "contains"
            label = f"{method_part}()"
        else:
            container, relation = module_nid, "contains"
            label = f"{qualified}()"
        proc_nid = _make_id(stem, qualified)
        _add_node(proc_nid, label, line)
        _add_edge(container, proc_nid, relation, line)

        body_start, body_end = _pascal_find_body(impl_text, fm.end())
        body_text = impl_text[body_start:body_end] if body_start else ""
        impl_records.append((proc_nid, line, body_text))

    # Intra-file call edges
    all_procs: dict[str, str] = {
        n["label"].removesuffix("()").lower(): n["id"]
        for n in nodes
        if n["id"] != file_nid and n["label"].endswith("()")
    }
    for caller_nid, caller_line, body_text in impl_records:
        for cm in _PAS_CALL_RE.finditer(body_text):
            callee_name = cm.group(1).split(".")[-1].lower()
            if callee_name in _PAS_KEYWORDS:
                continue
            callee_nid = all_procs.get(callee_name)
            if not callee_nid or callee_nid == caller_nid:
                continue
            pair = (caller_nid, callee_nid)
            if pair in seen_call_pairs:
                continue
            seen_call_pairs.add(pair)
            call_line = caller_line + body_text.count("\n", 0, cm.start())
            _add_edge(caller_nid, callee_nid, "calls", call_line, context="call")

    return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges, "input_tokens": 0, "output_tokens": 0}


def extract_pascal(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract units, classes, procedures, uses-imports, and calls from Pascal/Delphi files.

    Produces nodes for:
    - The file itself
    - unit / program / library declarations
    - class and interface type declarations
    - procedure / function implementations (including qualified TClass.Method names)

    Produces edges for:
    - file --contains--> module
    - module --imports--> other file node (via uses clause, resolved to path-based IDs)
    - class --inherits--> base class
    - class/module --contains--> method forward declaration
    - class/module --contains--> procedure/function implementation
    - procedure --calls--> other procedure (within the same file)

    Uses tree-sitter-pascal when available; falls back to a regex-based extractor
    (_extract_pascal_regex) when it isn't installed or fails to parse, so Pascal
    extraction works out of the box without an extra pip install.
    """
    try:
        import tree_sitter_pascal as tspascal
        from tree_sitter import Language, Parser
    except ImportError:
        return _extract_pascal_regex(path)

    try:
        language = Language(tspascal.language())
        parser = Parser(language)
        source = path.read_bytes()
        tree = parser.parse(source)
        root = tree.root_node
    except Exception:
        return _extract_pascal_regex(path)

    stem = _file_stem(path)
    str_path = str(path)
    nodes: list[dict] = []
    edges: list[dict] = []
    seen_ids: set[str] = set()
    proc_bodies: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []

    def _read(node) -> str:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        return source[node.start_byte:node.end_byte].decode("utf-8", errors="replace")

    def add_node(nid: str, label: str, line: int) -> None:
        if nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(nid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": nid, "label": label, "file_type": "code",
                "source_file": str_path, "source_location": f"L{line}",
            })

    def add_edge(
        src: str, tgt: str, relation: str, line: int,
        confidence: str = "EXTRACTED", weight: float = 1.0,
        context: str | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        edge: dict[str, Any] = {
            "source": src, "target": tgt, "relation": relation,
            "confidence": confidence, "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": f"L{line}", "weight": weight,
        }
        if context:
            edge["context"] = context
        edges.append(edge)

    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))
    add_node(file_nid, path.name, 1)
    module_nid = file_nid

    def _proc_name(header_node) -> str | None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        name_node = header_node.child_by_field_name("name")
        if name_node:
            return _read(name_node)
        for child in header_node.children:
            if child.type in ("identifier", "genericDot", "genericTpl"):
                return _read(child)
        return None

    def walk(node, parent_nid: str) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        nonlocal module_nid
        t = node.type
        line = node.start_point[0] + 1

        if t in ("unit", "program", "library"):
            name_node = next((c for c in node.children if c.type == "moduleName"), None)
            mod_name = _read(name_node) if name_node else path.stem
            mod_nid = _make_id(stem, mod_name)
            add_node(mod_nid, mod_name, line)
            add_edge(file_nid, mod_nid, "contains", line)
            module_nid = mod_nid
            for child in node.children:
                walk(child, mod_nid)
            return

        if t == "declUses":
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "moduleName":
                    mod_name = _read(child)
                    tgt_nid = _pascal_resolve_unit(path, mod_name)
                    add_edge(parent_nid, tgt_nid, "imports", line, context="import")
            return

        if t == "declType":
            type_name = None
            kind_node = None
            for child in node.children:
                if child.type == "identifier" and type_name is None:
                    type_name = _read(child)
                elif child.type in ("declClass", "declIntf", "declHelper") and kind_node is None:
                    kind_node = child
            if type_name and kind_node:
                cls_nid = _make_id(stem, type_name)
                add_node(cls_nid, type_name, line)
                add_edge(parent_nid, cls_nid, "contains", line)
                for child in kind_node.children:
                    if child.type == "typeref":
                        base_name = _read(child)
                        base_nid = _make_id(stem, base_name)
                        if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                            # Try cross-file resolution (TFooBar → FooBar.pas)
                            resolved = _pascal_resolve_class(path, base_name)
                            base_nid = resolved if resolved else _make_id(base_name)
                            if base_nid not in seen_ids:
                                # Stub for RTL/external/cross-file base classes
                                add_node(base_nid, base_name, line)
                        add_edge(cls_nid, base_nid, "inherits", line)
                for child in kind_node.children:
                    walk(child, cls_nid)
                return
            for child in node.children:
                walk(child, parent_nid)
            return

        if t == "declProcFwd":
            header = next((c for c in node.children if c.type == "declProc"), None)
            if header:
                name = _proc_name(header)
                if name and "." not in name:
                    method_nid = _make_id(parent_nid, name)
                    add_node(method_nid, f"{name}()", line)
                    add_edge(parent_nid, method_nid, "method", line)
            return

        if t == "defProc":
            header = next((c for c in node.children if c.type == "declProc"), None)
            body_node = next((c for c in node.children if c.type == "block"), None)
            if not header:
                for child in node.children:
                    walk(child, parent_nid)
                return
            name = _proc_name(header)
            if not name:
                for child in node.children:
                    walk(child, parent_nid)
                return
            container = parent_nid
            if "." in name:
                parts = name.split(".", 1)
                cls_nid = _make_id(stem, parts[0])
                if cls_nid in seen_ids:
                    container = cls_nid
                label = f"{parts[-1]}()"
            else:
                label = f"{name}()"
            proc_nid = _make_id(stem, name)
            add_node(proc_nid, label, line)
            add_edge(
                container, proc_nid,
                "method" if container != parent_nid else "contains",
                line,
            )
            if body_node:
                proc_bodies.append((proc_nid, body_node))
            return

        for child in node.children:
            walk(child, parent_nid)

    walk(root, file_nid)

    # Second pass: resolve calls inside procedure/function bodies
    all_procs: dict[str, str] = {
        n["label"].removesuffix("()").lower(): n["id"]
        for n in nodes if n["id"] != file_nid
    }
    seen_call_pairs: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()

    def walk_calls(node, caller_nid: str) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
        if node.type == "exprCall":
            callee_text = None
            for child in node.children:
                if child.is_named and child.type not in ("exprArgs",):
                    callee_text = _read(child).split(".")[-1]
                    break
            if callee_text:
                callee_nid = all_procs.get(callee_text.lower())
                if callee_nid and callee_nid != caller_nid:
                    pair = (caller_nid, callee_nid)
                    if pair not in seen_call_pairs:
                        seen_call_pairs.add(pair)
                        add_edge(
                            caller_nid, callee_nid, "calls",
                            node.start_point[0] + 1, context="call",
                        )
        elif node.type == "statement":
            # Pascal bare procedure calls with no args: `Reset;`
            # tree-sitter represents these as statement → identifier (no exprCall wrapper)
            named = [c for c in node.children if c.is_named]
            if len(named) == 1 and named[0].type == "identifier":
                callee_text = _read(named[0])
                callee_nid = all_procs.get(callee_text.lower())
                if callee_nid and callee_nid != caller_nid:
                    pair = (caller_nid, callee_nid)
                    if pair not in seen_call_pairs:
                        seen_call_pairs.add(pair)
                        add_edge(
                            caller_nid, callee_nid, "calls",
                            node.start_point[0] + 1, context="call",
                        )
        for child in node.children:
            walk_calls(child, caller_nid)

    for proc_nid, body_node in proc_bodies:
        walk_calls(body_node, proc_nid)

    return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges, "input_tokens": 0, "output_tokens": 0}


# Size cap for project XML files we parse with stdlib ElementTree.
# Real .csproj/.fsproj/.vbproj/.lpk files are well under 2 MiB; anything
# larger is either malformed or hostile.
_PROJECT_XML_MAX_BYTES = 2 * 1024 * 1024


def _project_xml_is_safe(src: bytes) -> bool:
    """Reject XML that declares DTDs or entities.

    Stdlib ``xml.etree.ElementTree`` does not cap entity expansion, so a
    crafted project file could trigger a billion-laughs style DoS. External
    entity resolution is already disabled by pyexpat defaults, but rejecting
    ``<!DOCTYPE`` / ``<!ENTITY`` outright is defense in depth.

    Legitimate MSBuild and Lazarus package files never contain a DOCTYPE
    or ENTITY declaration, so this is a zero-false-positive screen.
    """
    # Only the prolog can hold a DTD/internal subset, but be conservative
    # and scan the full byte range -- these formats use ASCII tags so a
    # case-insensitive substring match is sufficient.
    lowered = src.lower()
    return b"<!doctype" not in lowered and b"<!entity" not in lowered


def extract_lazarus_package(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract package metadata from Lazarus .lpk package files (XML format).

    .lpk is an XML file listing the package name, required dependencies,
    and the Pascal units that belong to the package.

    Produces nodes for:
    - The package file itself
    - The package (by name)
    - Each required package (dependency)
    - Each listed unit file (resolved to path-based IDs where possible)

    Produces edges for:
    - file --contains--> package
    - package --imports--> required dependency (context: "import")
    - package --contains--> listed unit
    """
    try:
        import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
        src = path.read_bytes()
    except OSError as e:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": str(e)}

    if len(src) > _PROJECT_XML_MAX_BYTES:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": "package file too large"}
    if not _project_xml_is_safe(src):
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [],
                "error": "refusing XML with DOCTYPE/ENTITY declaration"}

    try:
        xml_root = ET.fromstring(src)
    except Exception as e:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": str(e)}

    str_path = str(path)
    stem = _file_stem(path)
    nodes: list[dict] = []
    edges: list[dict] = []
    seen_ids: set[str] = set()

    def add_node(nid: str, label: str) -> None:
        if nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(nid)
            nodes.append({
                "id": nid, "label": label, "file_type": "code",
                "source_file": str_path, "source_location": "L1",
            })

    def add_edge(src: str, tgt: str, relation: str, context: str | None = None) -> None:
        edge: dict[str, Any] = {
            "source": src, "target": tgt, "relation": relation,
            "confidence": "EXTRACTED", "source_file": str_path,
            "source_location": "L1", "weight": 1.0,
        }
        if context:
            edge["context"] = context
        edges.append(edge)

    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))
    add_node(file_nid, path.name)

    name_elem = xml_root.find(".//Package/Name")
    pkg_name = name_elem.get("Value") if name_elem is not None else path.stem
    pkg_nid = _make_id(stem, pkg_name)
    add_node(pkg_nid, pkg_name)
    add_edge(file_nid, pkg_nid, "contains")

    # Required packages → imports edges
    for item in xml_root.findall(".//RequiredPkgs/"):
        dep_elem = item.find("PackageName")
        if dep_elem is not None:
            dep_name = dep_elem.get("Value", "")
            if dep_name:
                dep_nid = _make_id(dep_name)
                add_node(dep_nid, dep_name)
                add_edge(pkg_nid, dep_nid, "imports", context="import")

    # Listed units → contains edges, resolved to path-based IDs where possible
    for item in xml_root.findall(".//Files/"):
        unit_elem = item.find("UnitName")
        if unit_elem is not None:
            unit_name = unit_elem.get("Value", "")
            if unit_name:
                unit_nid = _pascal_resolve_unit(path, unit_name)
                add_node(unit_nid, unit_name)
                add_edge(pkg_nid, unit_nid, "contains")

    return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges, "input_tokens": 0, "output_tokens": 0}


# ── Main extract and collect_files ────────────────────────────────────────────


def _check_tree_sitter_version() -> None:
    """Raise a clear error if tree-sitter is too old for the new Language API."""
    try:
        from tree_sitter import LANGUAGE_VERSION
    except ImportError:
        raise ImportError(
            "tree-sitter is not installed. Run: pip install 'tree-sitter>=0.23.0'"
        )
    # Language API v2 starts at LANGUAGE_VERSION 14
    if LANGUAGE_VERSION < 14:
        import tree_sitter as _ts
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"tree-sitter {getattr(_ts, '__version__', 'unknown')} is too old. "
            f"graphify requires tree-sitter >= 0.23.0 (Language API v2). "
            f"Run: pip install --upgrade tree-sitter"
        )


# ── .NET project files (.sln, .slnx, .csproj, .razor) ───────────────────────


def extract_slnx(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract projects and inter-project dependencies from a .slnx file.

    .slnx is the XML-based replacement for the legacy .sln format. Projects
    are listed as ``<Project Path="..."/>`` elements (optionally nested inside
    ``<Folder>`` elements) and build-order dependencies as ``<BuildDependency
    Project="..."/>`` children. Unlike .sln there are no GUIDs -- projects are
    identified by their path.
    """
    import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

    try:
        src = path.read_bytes()
    except OSError:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": f"cannot read {path}"}

    if len(src) > _PROJECT_XML_MAX_BYTES:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": "project file too large"}
    if not _project_xml_is_safe(src):
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [],
                "error": "refusing XML with DOCTYPE/ENTITY declaration"}

    try:
        tree = ET.fromstring(src)
    except ET.ParseError as e:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": f"XML parse error: {e}"}

    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))
    str_path = str(path)
    nodes: list[dict] = [{"id": file_nid, "label": path.name, "file_type": "code",
                          "source_file": str_path, "source_location": None}]
    edges: list[dict] = []
    seen_ids: set[str] = set()
    seen_ids.add(file_nid)

    ns = ""
    if tree.tag.startswith("{"):
        ns = tree.tag.split("}")[0] + "}"

    def _resolve(proj_path: str) -> str:
        proj_path = proj_path.replace("\\", "/")
        try:
            return str((path.parent / proj_path).resolve())
        except Exception:
            return proj_path

    # First pass: collect projects (anywhere in the tree, incl. <Folder>).
    project_nids: set[str] = set()
    for proj in tree.iter(f"{ns}Project"):
        proj_path = proj.get("Path")
        if not proj_path:
            continue
        abs_proj = _resolve(proj_path)
        proj_nid = _make_id(abs_proj)
        if proj_nid and proj_nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(proj_nid)
            label = Path(proj_path).stem
            nodes.append({"id": proj_nid, "label": label,
                          "file_type": "code", "source_file": abs_proj,
                          "source_location": None})
            edges.append({"source": file_nid, "target": proj_nid,
                          "relation": "contains", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                          "source_file": str_path, "weight": 1.0})
        if proj_nid:
            project_nids.add(proj_nid)

    # Second pass: build-order dependencies between known projects.
    for proj in tree.iter(f"{ns}Project"):
        proj_path = proj.get("Path")
        if not proj_path:
            continue
        from_nid = _make_id(_resolve(proj_path))
        for dep in proj.iter(f"{ns}BuildDependency"):
            dep_path = dep.get("Project")
            if not dep_path:
                continue
            to_nid = _make_id(_resolve(dep_path))
            if (from_nid and to_nid and from_nid != to_nid
                    and to_nid in project_nids):
                edges.append({"source": from_nid, "target": to_nid,
                              "relation": "imports", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                              "source_file": str_path, "weight": 1.0})

    return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges}


def extract_csproj(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract packages, project refs, and target framework from a .csproj/.fsproj/.vbproj."""
    import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

    try:
        src = path.read_bytes()
    except OSError:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": f"cannot read {path}"}

    if len(src) > _PROJECT_XML_MAX_BYTES:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": "project file too large"}
    if not _project_xml_is_safe(src):
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [],
                "error": "refusing XML with DOCTYPE/ENTITY declaration"}

    try:
        tree = ET.fromstring(src)
    except ET.ParseError as e:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": f"XML parse error: {e}"}

    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))
    str_path = str(path)
    nodes: list[dict] = [{"id": file_nid, "label": path.name, "file_type": "code",
                          "source_file": str_path, "source_location": None}]
    edges: list[dict] = []
    seen_ids: set[str] = set()
    seen_ids.add(file_nid)

    ns = ""
    root_tag = tree.tag
    if root_tag.startswith("{"):
        ns = root_tag.split("}")[0] + "}"

    def find_all(tag: str):
        return tree.iter(f"{ns}{tag}")

    for tf in find_all("TargetFramework"):
        if tf.text:
            fw_nid = _make_id("framework", tf.text.strip())
            if fw_nid and fw_nid not in seen_ids:
                seen_ids.add(fw_nid)
                nodes.append({"id": fw_nid, "label": tf.text.strip(),
                              "file_type": "concept", "source_file": str_path,
                              "source_location": None})
                edges.append({"source": file_nid, "target": fw_nid,
                              "relation": "references", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                              "source_file": str_path, "weight": 1.0})

    for tf in find_all("TargetFrameworks"):
        if tf.text:
            for fw in tf.text.strip().split(";"):
                fw = fw.strip()
                if fw:
                    fw_nid = _make_id("framework", fw)
                    if fw_nid and fw_nid not in seen_ids:
                        seen_ids.add(fw_nid)
                        nodes.append({"id": fw_nid, "label": fw,
                                      "file_type": "concept", "source_file": str_path,
                                      "source_location": None})
                        edges.append({"source": file_nid, "target": fw_nid,
                                      "relation": "references", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                                      "source_file": str_path, "weight": 1.0})

    for pkg in find_all("PackageReference"):
        name = pkg.get("Include") or pkg.get("include") or ""
        version = pkg.get("Version") or pkg.get("version") or ""
        if not name:
            continue
        pkg_nid = _make_id("nuget", name)
        label = f"{name} ({version})" if version else name
        if pkg_nid and pkg_nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(pkg_nid)
            nodes.append({"id": pkg_nid, "label": label,
                          "file_type": "code", "source_file": str_path,
                          "source_location": None})
        edges.append({"source": file_nid, "target": pkg_nid,
                      "relation": "imports", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                      "source_file": str_path, "weight": 1.0})

    for proj in find_all("ProjectReference"):
        ref_path = proj.get("Include") or proj.get("include") or ""
        if not ref_path:
            continue
        ref_path_norm = ref_path.replace("\\", "/")
        try:
            abs_ref = str((path.parent / ref_path_norm).resolve())
        except Exception:
            abs_ref = ref_path_norm
        proj_nid = _make_id(abs_ref)
        if proj_nid and proj_nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(proj_nid)
            proj_label = Path(ref_path_norm).name
            nodes.append({"id": proj_nid, "label": proj_label,
                          "file_type": "code", "source_file": abs_ref,
                          "source_location": None})
        edges.append({"source": file_nid, "target": proj_nid,
                      "relation": "imports", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                      "source_file": str_path, "weight": 1.0})

    sdk = tree.get("Sdk") or ""
    if sdk:
        sdk_nid = _make_id("sdk", sdk)
        if sdk_nid and sdk_nid not in seen_ids:
            seen_ids.add(sdk_nid)
            nodes.append({"id": sdk_nid, "label": sdk,
                          "file_type": "concept", "source_file": str_path,
                          "source_location": None})
            edges.append({"source": file_nid, "target": sdk_nid,
                          "relation": "references", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
                          "source_file": str_path, "weight": 1.0})

    return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges}


def _xml_local_name(name: str) -> str:
    return name.rsplit("}", 1)[-1] if name.startswith("{") else name


# A .NET event handler has the signature `(object sender, <T>EventArgs e)`. Used
# to tell a real event handler in the code-behind apart from an ordinary method
# whose name a XAML attribute value happens to match. Tolerates `object?`, a
# namespace-qualified args type, and a generic `EventArgs<T>`.
_EVENT_HANDLER_SIGNATURE_RE = re.compile(
    r"\(\s*object\??\s+\w+\s*,\s*[\w.]*EventArgs(?:<[^>]*>)?\s+\w+\s*\)"
)

# XAML attribute names that carry free-form strings or identifiers and never name
# an event handler. They are skipped when matching attribute values to code-behind
# methods so e.g. Content="Save" or Tag="Refresh" can't fabricate an event edge.
_XAML_NON_EVENT_ATTRS = frozenset({
    "Name", "Content", "Text", "Title", "Tag", "ToolTip", "Header",
    "Class", "Key", "Uid", "DataContext", "Style", "Source",
})

# A handler attribute value is a bare method name (e.g. Click="Save_Click"), not
# markup, a path, or a sentence. Used to skip values like "{Binding ...}" or
# free-form content before looking them up as code-behind methods.
_XAML_IDENT_RE = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z_]\w*")
_XAML_DESIGN_INSTANCE_TYPE_RE = re.compile(
    r"\bType\s*=\s*(?:\{x:Type\s+)?(?P<type>[\w.:+]+)"
)


def _xaml_markup_extension(value: str) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
    value = value.strip()
    if not (value.startswith("{") and value.endswith("}")):
        return None
    inner = value[1:-1].strip()
    if not inner or inner.startswith("}"):
        return None
    name, _, args = inner.partition(" ")
    return name, args.strip()


def _xaml_split_markup_args(args: str) -> list[str]:
    parts: list[str] = []
    start = 0
    depth = 0
    for idx, ch in enumerate(args):
        if ch == "{":
            depth += 1
        elif ch == "}" and depth:
            depth -= 1
        elif ch == "," and depth == 0:
            parts.append(args[start:idx].strip())
            start = idx + 1
    tail = args[start:].strip()
    if tail:
        parts.append(tail)
    return parts


def _xaml_static_resource_key(value: str) -> str | None:
    markup = _xaml_markup_extension(value)
    if not markup:
        return None
    name, args = markup
    if name != "StaticResource":
        return None
    for part in _xaml_split_markup_args(args):
        if "=" not in part:
            return part.strip() or None
        key, resource = part.split("=", 1)
        if key.strip() == "ResourceKey":
            return resource.strip() or None
    return None


def _xaml_binding_refs(value: str) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
    markup = _xaml_markup_extension(value)
    if not markup:
        return None, None
    name, args = markup
    if name != "Binding":
        return None, None

    path_ref = None
    converter_ref = None
    for part in _xaml_split_markup_args(args):
        if not part:
            continue
        if "=" not in part:
            if path_ref is None:
                path_ref = part.strip()
            continue
        key, raw_value = part.split("=", 1)
        key = key.strip()
        raw_value = raw_value.strip()
        if key == "Path":
            path_ref = raw_value
        elif key == "Converter":
            converter_ref = _xaml_static_resource_key(raw_value)

    if path_ref and ("{" in path_ref or "}" in path_ref):
        path_ref = None
    return path_ref or None, converter_ref or None


def _xaml_codebehind_path(path: Path) -> Path | None:
    expected = path.with_suffix(path.suffix + ".cs")
    if expected.exists():
        return expected
    try:
        for sibling in path.parent.iterdir():
            if sibling.name.casefold() == expected.name.casefold():
                return sibling
    except OSError:
        return None
    return None


def _xaml_codebehind_symbols(
    path: Path,
    class_name: str | None,
) -> tuple[dict | None, dict[str, dict], list[dict]]:
    codebehind = _xaml_codebehind_path(path)
    if not codebehind:
        return None, {}, []
    result = extract_csharp(codebehind)
    if result.get("error"):
        return None, {}, []

    class_simple = class_name.rsplit(".", 1)[-1] if class_name else None
    class_node = None
    if class_simple:
        for node in result.get("nodes", []):
            if node.get("label") == class_simple:
                class_node = node
                break

    class_method_edges: list[dict] = []
    if class_node:
        class_id = class_node.get("id")
        for edge in result.get("edges", []):
            if edge.get("source") == class_id and edge.get("relation") == "method":
                class_method_edges.append(edge)
    method_ids = {edge.get("target") for edge in class_method_edges} if class_node else None

    # Only methods with a .NET event-handler signature -- (object sender,
    # <T>EventArgs e) -- are eligible to be wired to a XAML attribute as an
    # event. Without this gate, any attribute whose value happens to match a
    # method name (e.g. Content="Save" next to a business method Save()) would
    # produce a spurious "event" edge. The C# extractor does not record the
    # parameter list on method nodes, so we read it from the code-behind source
    # at the method's recorded line.
    try:
        cb_lines = codebehind.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace").splitlines()
    except OSError:
        cb_lines = []

    def _has_event_handler_signature(node: dict) -> bool:
        loc = str(node.get("source_location") or "")
        m = re.match(r"L(\d+)", loc)
        if not m or not cb_lines:
            return False
        start = int(m.group(1)) - 1
        # Join a few lines so a signature split across lines still matches.
        snippet = " ".join(cb_lines[start:start + 3])
        return _EVENT_HANDLER_SIGNATURE_RE.search(snippet) is not None

    methods: dict[str, dict] = {}
    for node in result.get("nodes", []):
        if method_ids is not None and node.get("id") not in method_ids:
            continue
        label = str(node.get("label", ""))
        if label.startswith(".") and label.endswith("()") and _has_event_handler_signature(node):
            methods[label.strip("()").lstrip(".")] = node
    return class_node, methods, class_method_edges


def _xaml_type_simple_name(type_ref: str) -> str | None:
    type_ref = type_ref.strip().strip("{}")
    if not type_ref:
        return None
    type_ref = type_ref.split(",", 1)[0].strip()
    if type_ref.startswith("x:Type "):
        type_ref = type_ref[len("x:Type "):].strip()
    if ":" in type_ref:
        type_ref = type_ref.rsplit(":", 1)[-1]
    if "." in type_ref:
        type_ref = type_ref.rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
    if "+" in type_ref:
        type_ref = type_ref.rsplit("+", 1)[-1]
    return type_ref if _XAML_IDENT_RE.fullmatch(type_ref) else None


def _xaml_explicit_viewmodel_names(tree) -> tuple[bool, list[str]]:
    has_data_context = False
    names: list[str] = []
    for elem in tree.iter():
        elem_type = _xml_local_name(elem.tag)
        if elem_type.endswith(".DataContext") or elem_type == "DataContext":
            has_data_context = True
            for child in list(elem):
                vm_name = _xaml_type_simple_name(_xml_local_name(child.tag))
                if vm_name and vm_name not in names:
                    names.append(vm_name)
        for key, value in elem.attrib.items():
            if _xml_local_name(key) != "DataContext" or not value:
                continue
            has_data_context = True
            match = _XAML_DESIGN_INSTANCE_TYPE_RE.search(value)
            if match:
                vm_name = _xaml_type_simple_name(match.group("type"))
                if vm_name and vm_name not in names:
                    names.append(vm_name)
    return has_data_context, names


def _xaml_prism_autowire_viewmodel(tree) -> bool:
    for elem in tree.iter():
        for key, value in elem.attrib.items():
            if (
                _xml_local_name(key).endswith("ViewModelLocator.AutoWireViewModel")
                and value.strip().lower() == "true"
            ):
                return True
    return False


def _xaml_inferred_viewmodel_names(view_name: str | None) -> list[str]:
    if not view_name:
        return []
    names: list[str] = []

    def add(name: str) -> None:
        if name.endswith("ViewModel") and name not in names:
            names.append(name)

    if view_name == "MainWindow":
        add("MainWindowViewModel")
        add("MainViewModel")
    for suffix in ("UserControl", "View", "Page", "Control"):
        if view_name.endswith(suffix) and len(view_name) > len(suffix):
            add(view_name[:-len(suffix)] + "ViewModel")
            break
    return names


def _xaml_project_root(path: Path) -> Path:
    project_markers = (".csproj", ".fsproj", ".vbproj", ".sln", ".slnx")
    root = path.parent
    for directory in (path.parent, *path.parent.parents):
        try:
            if any(child.suffix in project_markers for child in directory.iterdir()):
                root = directory
                break
        except OSError:
            continue
    if _XAML_ACTIVE_EXTRACT_ROOT is None:
        return root
    boundary = _XAML_ACTIVE_EXTRACT_ROOT.resolve()
    try:
        root.resolve().relative_to(boundary)
        return root
    except ValueError:
        return boundary


def _xaml_csharp_class_nodes(path: Path) -> dict[str, list[dict]]:
    from graphify.detect import _is_ignored, _is_noise_dir, _load_graphifyignore
    root = _xaml_project_root(path)
    cache_key = str(root.resolve()) if _XAML_ACTIVE_EXTRACT_ROOT is not None else None
    if cache_key and cache_key in _XAML_CSHARP_CLASS_CACHE:
        return _XAML_CSHARP_CLASS_CACHE[cache_key]
    classes: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}
    patterns = _load_graphifyignore(root)
    ignore_cache: dict[Path, bool] = {}
    try:
        cs_files = sorted(root.rglob("*.cs"))
    except OSError:
        return classes
    for cs_path in cs_files:
        if any(_is_noise_dir(part) for part in cs_path.parts):
            continue
        if patterns and _is_ignored(cs_path, root, patterns, _cache=ignore_cache):
            continue
        result = extract_csharp(cs_path)
        if result.get("error"):
            continue
        for node in result.get("nodes", []):
            label = str(node.get("label", ""))
            if not label.endswith("ViewModel") or not _XAML_IDENT_RE.fullmatch(label):
                continue
            if node.get("source_file"):
                classes.setdefault(label, []).append(node)
    if cache_key:
        _XAML_CSHARP_CLASS_CACHE[cache_key] = classes
    return classes


def _xaml_pascal_name(name: str) -> str | None:
    name = name.strip().lstrip("_")
    if name.startswith("m_"):
        name = name[2:]
    return name[:1].upper() + name[1:] if _XAML_IDENT_RE.fullmatch(name) else None


_XAML_TOOLKIT_FIELD_RE = re.compile(r"\b(?P<name>_?m?_?[A-Za-z_]\w*)\s*(?:=.*)?;")
_XAML_TOOLKIT_METHOD_RE = re.compile(r"\b(?P<name>[A-Za-z_]\w*)\s*\(")
_XAML_ACTIVE_EXTRACT_ROOT: Path | None = None
_XAML_CSHARP_CLASS_CACHE: dict[str, dict[str, list[dict]]] = {}


def _xaml_communitytoolkit_members(vm_node: dict) -> tuple[dict[str, dict], list[dict]]:
    source_file = vm_node.get("source_file")
    vm_id = vm_node.get("id")
    if not source_file or not vm_id:
        return {}, []
    try:
        # errors="replace" so a non-UTF8 code-behind can't raise UnicodeDecodeError
        # and abort the whole extract_xaml (matches every other reader here).
        lines = Path(source_file).read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace").splitlines()
    except OSError:
        return {}, []

    members: dict[str, dict] = {}
    edges: list[dict] = []

    def add_member(label: str, line_no: int, context: str) -> None:
        nid = _make_id(vm_id, label)
        members[label] = {
            "id": nid,
            "label": label,
            "file_type": "code",
            "source_file": source_file,
            "source_location": f"L{line_no}",
        }
        edges.append({
            "source": vm_id,
            "target": nid,
            "relation": "defines",
            "confidence": "INFERRED",
            "source_file": source_file,
            "source_location": f"L{line_no}",
            "weight": 1.0,
            "context": context,
        })

    pending: tuple[str, int] | None = None
    for line_no, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
        remainder = line.split("]", 1)[1].strip() if "]" in line else ""
        if "[" in line and "ObservableProperty" in line:
            pending = ("property", line_no)
            if not remainder:
                continue
            line = remainder
        if "[" in line and "RelayCommand" in line:
            pending = ("command", line_no)
            if not remainder:
                continue
            line = remainder
        if not pending or not line.strip() or line.lstrip().startswith("["):
            continue

        kind, attr_line = pending
        pending = None
        if kind == "property":
            match = _XAML_TOOLKIT_FIELD_RE.search(line)
            label = _xaml_pascal_name(match.group("name")) if match else None
            if label:
                add_member(label, attr_line, "communitytoolkit_observable_property")
        else:
            match = _XAML_TOOLKIT_METHOD_RE.search(line)
            if match:
                method = match.group("name").removesuffix("Async")
                add_member(f"{method}Command", attr_line, "communitytoolkit_relay_command")

    return members, edges


def extract_xaml(path: Path) -> dict:
    """Extract WPF/XAML structure, bindings, x:Class, and event handler references."""
    import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

    try:
        src = path.read_bytes()
    except OSError:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": f"cannot read {path}"}

    if len(src) > _PROJECT_XML_MAX_BYTES:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": "xaml file too large"}
    if not _project_xml_is_safe(src):
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [],
                "error": "refusing XML with DOCTYPE/ENTITY declaration"}

    try:
        tree = ET.fromstring(src)
    except ET.ParseError as e:
        return {"nodes": [], "edges": [], "error": f"XML parse error: {e}"}

    text = src.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
    lines = text.splitlines()
    str_path = str(path)
    stem = _file_stem(path)
    file_nid = _make_id(str(path))
    root_type = _xml_local_name(tree.tag)
    root_nid = _make_id(stem, root_type)
    nodes: list[dict] = []
    edges: list[dict] = []
    seen_ids: set[str] = set()
    seen_edges: set[tuple[str, str, str, str | None]] = set()

    def line_for(value: str | None) -> int:
        if value:
            for idx, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
                if value in line:
                    return idx
        return 1

    def add_node(
        nid: str,
        label: str,
        line: int | None,
        *,
        file_type: str = "code",
        source_file: str = str_path,
    ) -> None:
        if nid in seen_ids:
            return
        seen_ids.add(nid)
        nodes.append({
            "id": nid, "label": label, "file_type": file_type,
            "source_file": source_file,
            "source_location": f"L{line}" if line else None,
        })

    def add_existing_node(node: dict | None) -> None:
        if not node:
            return
        nid = node.get("id")
        if not nid or nid in seen_ids:
            return
        seen_ids.add(nid)
        nodes.append(dict(node))

    def add_edge(
        src_nid: str,
        tgt_nid: str,
        relation: str,
        line: int,
        *,
        context: str | None = None,
        source_file: str = str_path,
        confidence: str = "EXTRACTED",
    ) -> None:
        key = (src_nid, tgt_nid, relation, context)
        if key in seen_edges:
            return
        seen_edges.add(key)
        edge = {
            "source": src_nid, "target": tgt_nid, "relation": relation,
            "confidence": confidence, "source_file": source_file,
            "source_location": f"L{line}", "weight": 1.0,
        }
        if context:
            edge["context"] = context
        edges.append(edge)

    def add_existing_edge(edge: dict) -> None:
        key = (edge.get("source"), edge.get("target"), edge.get("relation"), edge.get("context"))
        if key in seen_edges:
            return
        seen_edges.add(key)
        edges.append(dict(edge))

    add_node(file_nid, path.name, 1)
    add_node(root_nid, root_type, 1)
    add_edge(file_nid, root_nid, "contains", 1)

    class_name = None
    for key, value in tree.attrib.items():
        if _xml_local_name(key) == "Class" and value:
            class_name = value.strip()
            break

    class_node, codebehind_methods, class_method_edges = _xaml_codebehind_symbols(path, class_name)
    if class_name:
        if class_node:
            class_nid = class_node["id"]
            add_existing_node(class_node)
        else:
            class_label = class_name.rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
            class_nid = _make_id(stem, class_label)
            add_node(class_nid, class_label, line_for(class_name))
        add_edge(root_nid, class_nid, "references", line_for(class_name), context="x_class")

    has_data_context, vm_names = _xaml_explicit_viewmodel_names(tree)
    prism_autowire = _xaml_prism_autowire_viewmodel(tree)
    vm_confidence = "EXTRACTED"
    if not has_data_context:
        view_name = class_name.rsplit(".", 1)[-1] if class_name else None
        view_name = view_name or (path.stem if prism_autowire else None)
        vm_names = _xaml_inferred_viewmodel_names(view_name)
        vm_confidence = "INFERRED"
    generated_members: dict[str, dict] = {}
    generated_member_edges: list[dict] = []
    if vm_names:
        csharp_classes = _xaml_csharp_class_nodes(path)
        vm_candidates = []
        for vm_name in vm_names:
            vm_candidates.extend(csharp_classes.get(vm_name, []))
        by_id = {node.get("id"): node for node in vm_candidates if node.get("id")}
        if len(by_id) == 1:
            vm_node = next(iter(by_id.values()))
            add_existing_node(vm_node)
            add_edge(
                root_nid,
                vm_node["id"],
                "references",
                line_for(vm_node["label"]),
                context="view_model",
                confidence=vm_confidence,
            )
            generated_members, generated_member_edges = _xaml_communitytoolkit_members(vm_node)
            for member in generated_members.values():
                add_existing_node(member)
            for member_edge in generated_member_edges:
                add_existing_edge(member_edge)

    for elem in tree.iter():
        elem_type = _xml_local_name(elem.tag)
        elem_name = None
        for key, value in elem.attrib.items():
            if _xml_local_name(key) == "Name" and value:
                elem_name = value.strip()
                break
        owner_nid = root_nid
        if elem_name:
            owner_nid = _make_id(stem, elem_name)
            add_node(owner_nid, elem_name, line_for(elem_name))
            add_edge(root_nid, owner_nid, "contains", line_for(elem_name))
            type_nid = _make_id("xaml", elem_type)
            add_node(type_nid, elem_type, line_for(elem_name), file_type="concept")
            add_edge(owner_nid, type_nid, "references", line_for(elem_name), context="type")

        for key, value in elem.attrib.items():
            value = value or ""
            # Event wiring: an attribute references a handler only when its local
            # name isn't a known free-form/identity property, its value is a bare
            # identifier (a method name, not markup or a sentence), and the matched
            # code-behind method actually has an event-handler signature (the gate
            # in _xaml_codebehind_symbols). This stops Content="Save" / Tag="..."
            # from fabricating event edges against same-named ordinary methods.
            attr_local = _xml_local_name(key)
            if attr_local not in _XAML_NON_EVENT_ATTRS and _XAML_IDENT_RE.fullmatch(value):
                method = codebehind_methods.get(value)
                if method:
                    add_existing_node(method)
                    add_edge(owner_nid, method["id"], "references", line_for(value), context="event")
                    for method_edge in class_method_edges:
                        if method_edge.get("target") == method["id"]:
                            add_existing_node(class_node)
                            add_existing_edge(method_edge)
                            break
            binding_path, binding_converter = _xaml_binding_refs(value)
            if binding_path:
                bind_nid = _make_id("binding", binding_path)
                add_node(bind_nid, binding_path, line_for(value), file_type="concept")
                binding_context = (
                    "binding_command"
                    if attr_local == "Command" or attr_local.endswith(".Command")
                    else "binding_path"
                )
                add_edge(owner_nid, bind_nid, "references", line_for(value), context=binding_context)
                generated_member = generated_members.get(binding_path)
                if generated_member:
                    add_existing_node(generated_member)
                    add_edge(
                        owner_nid,
                        generated_member["id"],
                        "references",
                        line_for(value),
                        context=binding_context,
                        confidence="INFERRED",
                    )
            if binding_converter:
                converter_nid = _make_id("binding_converter", binding_converter)
                add_node(converter_nid, binding_converter, line_for(value), file_type="concept")
                add_edge(owner_nid, converter_nid, "references", line_for(value), context="binding_converter")
            if elem_type == "Binding" and attr_local == "Path":
                direct_path = value.strip()
                if direct_path and "{" not in direct_path and "}" not in direct_path:
                    bind_nid = _make_id("binding", direct_path)
                    add_node(bind_nid, direct_path, line_for(value), file_type="concept")
                    add_edge(owner_nid, bind_nid, "references", line_for(value), context="binding_path")
            if elem_type == "Binding" and attr_local == "Converter":
                direct_converter = _xaml_static_resource_key(value)
                if direct_converter:
                    converter_nid = _make_id("binding_converter", direct_converter)
                    add_node(converter_nid, direct_converter, line_for(value), file_type="concept")
                    add_edge(owner_nid, converter_nid, "references", line_for(value), context="binding_converter")

    return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges}


# Config/manifest JSON filenames the structural extractor understands. Anything
# else (eval fixtures, datasets, GeoJSON, API dumps) is *data* and must NOT be
# AST-walked into per-key nodes — that floods the graph with orphan key-nodes
# and near-duplicate communities (#1224). Data JSON is left to the LLM semantic
# pass instead. Matched case-insensitively against the bare filename.

# Top-level keys that prove a JSON object is a config/manifest the extractor can
# draw *cross-file* edges from (deps, extends chains, schema refs).


# ── DM (BYOND DreamMaker) extractor ──────────────────────────────────────────
# DM identity is path-based (`/datum/object/proc/New()`), not block-based, so
# the generic class-body walker doesn't fit well.


# ── DMI (BYOND icon files) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# .dmi is a PNG with a tEXt/zTXt "Description" chunk containing BYOND state
# metadata. We want the icon state names (icon_state = "X" in DM code
# references them).


# ── DMM (BYOND map files) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# A .dmm starts with a tile dictionary — each "key" = (type, type{var=val}, ...)
# names one or more types that compose a tile — then a grid. We only need the
# dictionary section: every type path referenced is a `uses` edge.


# ── DMF (BYOND interface forms) ───────────────────────────────────────────────


# Head tokens in an HCL traversal that are meta/builtins, not references to a
# block defined in the corpus (count.index, each.key, self.*, path.module, ...).


_DISPATCH: dict[str, Any] = {
    ".py": extract_python,
    ".js": extract_js,
    ".jsx": extract_js,
    ".mjs": extract_js,
    ".ts": extract_js,
    ".tsx": extract_js,
    ".mts": extract_js,
    ".cts": extract_js,
    ".go": extract_go,
    ".rs": extract_rust,
    ".java": extract_java,
    ".groovy": extract_groovy,
    ".gradle": extract_groovy,
    ".c": extract_c,
    ".h": extract_c,
    ".cpp": extract_cpp,
    ".cc": extract_cpp,
    ".cxx": extract_cpp,
    ".hpp": extract_cpp,
    ".cu": extract_cpp,
    ".cuh": extract_cpp,
    ".metal": extract_cpp,
    ".rb": extract_ruby,
    ".cs": extract_csharp,
    ".kt": extract_kotlin,
    ".kts": extract_kotlin,
    ".scala": extract_scala,
    ".php": extract_php,
    ".swift": extract_swift,
    ".lua": extract_lua,
    ".luau": extract_lua,
    ".toc": extract_lua,
    ".zig": extract_zig,
    ".ps1": extract_powershell,
    ".psm1": extract_powershell,
    ".psd1": extract_powershell_manifest,
    ".ex": extract_elixir,
    ".exs": extract_elixir,
    ".m": extract_objc,
    ".mm": extract_objc,
    ".jl": extract_julia,
    ".f": extract_fortran,
    ".F": extract_fortran,
    ".f90": extract_fortran,
    ".F90": extract_fortran,
    ".f95": extract_fortran,
    ".F95": extract_fortran,
    ".f03": extract_fortran,
    ".F03": extract_fortran,
    ".f08": extract_fortran,
    ".F08": extract_fortran,
    ".vue": extract_vue,
    ".svelte": extract_svelte,
    ".astro": extract_astro,
    ".dart": extract_dart,
    ".v": extract_verilog,
    ".sv": extract_verilog,
    ".svh": extract_verilog,
    ".sql": extract_sql,
    ".md": extract_markdown,
    ".mdx": extract_markdown,
    ".qmd": extract_markdown,
    ".pas": extract_pascal,
    ".pp": extract_pascal,
    ".dpr": extract_pascal,
    ".dpk": extract_pascal,
    ".lpr": extract_pascal,
    ".inc": extract_pascal,
    ".dfm": extract_delphi_form,
    ".lfm": extract_lazarus_form,
    ".lpk": extract_lazarus_package,
    ".sh": extract_bash,
    ".bash": extract_bash,
    ".json": extract_json,
    ".tf": extract_terraform,
    ".tfvars": extract_terraform,
    ".hcl": extract_terraform,
    ".dm": extract_dm,
    ".dme": extract_dm,
    ".dmi": extract_dmi,
    ".dmm": extract_dmm,
    ".dmf": extract_dmf,
    ".sln": extract_sln,
    ".slnx": extract_slnx,
    ".csproj": extract_csproj,
    ".fsproj": extract_csproj,
    ".vbproj": extract_csproj,
    ".xaml": extract_xaml,
    ".razor": extract_razor,
    ".cshtml": extract_razor,
    ".cls": extract_apex,
    ".trigger": extract_apex,
}


# Extensionless executables (CLI entry points like `devctl` or `manage`) carry
# their language in the shebang, not the suffix. detect.classify_file already
# routes them to the CODE path via _shebang_interpreter; _get_extractor must
# honor the same signal or these files are classified as code and then silently
# dropped by extraction. Only interpreters with a real extractor are mapped —
# detect's wider set (perl, fish, tcsh, Rscript) stays unmapped and skipped.
_SHEBANG_DISPATCH: dict[str, Any] = {
    "python": extract_python,
    "python2": extract_python,
    "python3": extract_python,
    "bash": extract_bash,
    "sh": extract_bash,
    "dash": extract_bash,
    "zsh": extract_bash,
    "ksh": extract_bash,
    "node": extract_js,
    "nodejs": extract_js,
    "ruby": extract_ruby,
    "lua": extract_lua,
    "php": extract_php,
    "julia": extract_julia,
}


# ObjC-only directives. They are illegal in C and C++, so finding one in a `.h`
# file is a near-zero-false-positive signal that the header is Objective-C (and so
# belongs to extract_objc, not extract_c). `@property` is deliberately excluded: it
# doubles as a Doxygen comment command and ObjC properties only ever live inside an
# @interface/@protocol anyway, so the stronger directives already cover them.
#
# `#import` is included because an ObjC *bridging* header is often nothing but
# `#import "X.h"` lines with no @interface (#1556). Routed to extract_c it parses
# `#import` as a `preproc_call` (not `preproc_include`), so every import edge is
# dropped and the header is isolated. `#import` is an ObjC-only directive (illegal
# in C and C++), so this won't hijack genuine C/C++ headers, and extract_objc
# resolves quoted imports via _resolve_c_include_path.
_OBJC_HEADER_MARKERS = (b"@interface", b"@protocol", b"@implementation", b"@import", b"#import")


def _is_objc_header(path: Path) -> bool:
    """Whether a `.h` file is Objective-C rather than C/C++ (#1475).

    `.h` is shared by C, C++, and ObjC; the suffix map routes it to extract_c,
    which silently drops every @interface/@protocol/@property/method (1 node, 0
    edges). Sniffing for an ObjC-only directive reroutes genuine ObjC headers to
    extract_objc while leaving every C/C++ header on its existing extractor.
    """
    try:
        head = path.read_bytes()[:256 * 1024]
    except OSError:
        return False
    return any(marker in head for marker in _OBJC_HEADER_MARKERS)


# C++-only signals. None of these are valid in a plain C header, so finding one
# in a `.h` is a high-confidence signal the header is C++ (#1547). The C grammar
# has no class_specifier, so a `class Foo { ... };` header routed to extract_c
# loses the class and its method prototypes (a junk `foo_foo` node + a sourceless
# `class` stub); routing to extract_cpp recovers the real type. Kept CONSERVATIVE:
# a plain C header with none of these stays on extract_c. ObjC sniffing keeps
# priority (an ObjC header can legitimately contain `::`/`class` inside an inline
# C++ block when compiled as Objective-C++).
_CPP_HEADER_MARKERS = (
    b"class ", b"namespace ", b"template", b"::",
    b"public:", b"private:", b"protected:",
)


def _is_objc_source(path: Path) -> bool:
    """Whether a `.m` file is Objective-C rather than MATLAB/Octave (#1702).

    `.m` is shared by Objective-C implementation files and MATLAB (also Octave).
    The suffix map routes `.m` to extract_objc unconditionally, which force-parses
    MATLAB through the Objective-C tree-sitter grammar and emits garbage nodes/edges
    (worse than skipping). A genuine ObjC `.m` always carries an ObjC directive
    (@implementation/@interface/@import/#import); MATLAB has none of them. Reuses
    the same marker set as the `.h` sniff. `.mm` is unambiguously Objective-C++ and
    is not sniffed.
    """
    return _is_objc_header(path)


def _is_cpp_header(path: Path) -> bool:
    """Whether a `.h` file is C++ rather than plain C (#1547).

    Mirrors `_is_objc_header`: sniffs for a C++-only token. Used only to reroute
    a `.h` from extract_c to extract_cpp when no ObjC marker is present (ObjC has
    priority). Conservative by construction — a plain C header matches nothing
    here and keeps its existing extract_c routing.
    """
    try:
        head = path.read_bytes()[:256 * 1024]
    except OSError:
        return False
    return any(marker in head for marker in _CPP_HEADER_MARKERS)


def _get_extractor(path: Path) -> Any | None:
    """Return the correct extractor function for a file, or None if unsupported."""
    if path.name.lower().endswith(".blade.php"):
        return extract_blade
    # MCP config files (.mcp.json, claude_desktop_config.json, ...) are routed
    # by filename before generic .json dispatch so they get MCP-aware nodes
    # (servers, commands, packages, env vars) instead of opaque JSON keys.
    if is_mcp_config_path(path):
        return extract_mcp_config
    # Package manifests (apm.yml, pyproject.toml, go.mod, pom.xml) → a canonical
    # package node + depends_on edges, by filename before generic suffix dispatch
    # (#1377). apm.yml would otherwise be a .yml document handled by the LLM.
    if is_package_manifest_path(path):
        return extract_package_manifest
    # `.h` is C/C++/ObjC-ambiguous; route Objective-C headers to extract_objc
    # (the suffix map sends `.h` to extract_c, which can't read @interface etc.).
    # ObjC sniffing has priority over the C++ sniff: an Objective-C++ header can
    # contain both `@interface` and inline C++ (`::`), and it must parse as ObjC.
    suffix = path.suffix
    if suffix not in _DISPATCH and suffix.lower() in _DISPATCH:
        suffix = suffix.lower()
    if suffix == ".h":
        if _is_objc_header(path):
            return extract_objc
        # A C++ class header routed to extract_c loses the class entirely (the C
        # grammar has no class_specifier). Reroute to extract_cpp (#1547).
        if _is_cpp_header(path):
            return extract_cpp
    # `.m` is Objective-C OR MATLAB. extract_objc unconditionally would force-parse
    # MATLAB through the ObjC grammar into garbage (#1702). Route to extract_objc
    # only when the file actually looks like Objective-C; otherwise leave it without
    # an extractor (surfaced by the no-AST-extractor warning, #1689) rather than
    # mis-parsed. `.mm` is unambiguously Objective-C++ and stays on extract_objc.
    if suffix == ".m" and not _is_objc_source(path):
        return None
    # Extensionless files: resolve by shebang, mirroring detect.classify_file.
    # Without this, detect labels e.g. `#!/usr/bin/env bash` CLIs as code but
    # extraction returns no extractor and the file silently contributes nothing.
    if not suffix:
        from graphify.detect import _shebang_interpreter
        interp = _shebang_interpreter(path)
        if interp is not None:
            return _SHEBANG_DISPATCH.get(interp)
    return _DISPATCH.get(suffix)


def _safe_extract_with_xaml_root(extractor, path: Path, root: Path) -> dict:
    global _XAML_ACTIVE_EXTRACT_ROOT
    previous_root = _XAML_ACTIVE_EXTRACT_ROOT
    _XAML_ACTIVE_EXTRACT_ROOT = root.resolve()
    try:
        return _safe_extract(extractor, path)
    finally:
        _XAML_ACTIVE_EXTRACT_ROOT = previous_root


def _extract_single_file(args: tuple) -> tuple[int, dict]:
    """Worker function for parallel extraction. Runs in a subprocess.

    Must be at module level (not a closure) so it can be pickled by
    ProcessPoolExecutor.

    Args:
        args: (index, path_str, cache_root_str) tuple

    Returns:
        (index, result_dict) so results can be placed back in order.
    """
    idx, path_str, cache_root_str = args
    path = Path(path_str)
    cache_root = Path(cache_root_str)
    _raise_recursion_limit()
    bypass_cache = path.suffix in _JS_CACHE_BYPASS_SUFFIXES

    # Check cache first (avoid re-extraction)
    if not bypass_cache:
        cached = load_cached(path, cache_root)
        if cached is not None:
            return idx, cached

    extractor = _get_extractor(path)
    if extractor is None:
        return idx, {"nodes": [], "edges": []}

    result = _safe_extract_with_xaml_root(extractor, path, cache_root)
    # Never cache a zero-node result for an extractable file. Every supported
    # source produces at least a file node, so an empty node list is anomalous
    # (e.g. a transient batch/parallel hiccup). Caching it makes the empty
    # byte-stable across runs and silently blinds affected/explain to and
    # through the file (#1666); skipping the write lets a rerun self-heal.
    if not bypass_cache and "error" not in result and result.get("nodes"):
        save_cached(path, result, cache_root)
    return idx, result


def _extract_parallel(
    uncached_work: list[tuple[int, Path]],
    per_file: list[dict | None],
    effective_root: Path,
    max_workers: int | None,
    total_files: int,
) -> bool:
    """Extract uncached files in parallel using ProcessPoolExecutor.

    Returns True if the pool ran to completion. Returns False if the pool
    failed in a recoverable way (typically Windows-spawn without an
    ``if __name__ == "__main__"`` guard in the calling script, which causes
    BrokenProcessPool); the caller should fall back to sequential extraction.
    """
    import concurrent.futures

    if max_workers is None:
        # Honour GRAPHIFY_MAX_WORKERS env override; otherwise scale to the
        # full CPU. The historical `, 8)` cap was a safety bound for laptops
        # in 2023 — on a 32-thread workstation it costs a 4x slowdown
        # (issue #792). Capping at len(uncached_work) keeps small jobs
        # from spawning useless idle workers.
        env_raw = os.environ.get("GRAPHIFY_MAX_WORKERS", "").strip()
        env_cap = None
        if env_raw:
            try:
                v = int(env_raw)
                if v > 0:
                    env_cap = v
            except ValueError:
                pass
        cpu_cap = env_cap if env_cap is not None else (os.cpu_count() or 4)
        max_workers = min(cpu_cap, len(uncached_work))

    # Windows ProcessPoolExecutor hard-caps at 61 workers (CPython limitation
    # tied to WaitForMultipleObjects). Clamp here so every path — auto-compute,
    # GRAPHIFY_MAX_WORKERS, and --max-workers — stays valid on >61-core boxes
    # (issue #1298). Guard against 0 from an empty work list.
    if sys.platform == "win32":
        max_workers = min(max_workers, 61)
    max_workers = max(max_workers, 1)

    root_str = str(effective_root)
    work_items = [(idx, str(path), root_str) for idx, path in uncached_work]

    done_count = 0
    _PROGRESS_INTERVAL = 100
    try:
        with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as pool:
            futures = {
                pool.submit(_extract_single_file, item): pos
                for pos, item in enumerate(work_items)
            }
            for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
                try:
                    idx, result = future.result()
                    per_file[idx] = result
                except Exception as exc:
                    pos = futures[future]
                    print(
                        f"  warning: worker failed for {work_items[pos][1]}: {exc}",
                        file=sys.stderr, flush=True,
                    )
                done_count += 1
                if (
                    total_files >= _PROGRESS_INTERVAL
                    and done_count % _PROGRESS_INTERVAL == 0
                ):
                    print(
                        f"  AST extraction: {done_count}/{len(uncached_work)} uncached files "
                        f"({done_count * 100 // len(uncached_work)}%) [{max_workers} workers]",
                        flush=True,
                    )
    except concurrent.futures.process.BrokenProcessPool:
        # On Windows (spawn start method) the worker subprocesses re-import the
        # caller's __main__. Inline invocations like `python -c "..."` have no
        # __main__ guard, so worker bootstrap raises and the pool dies before
        # any work completes. Fall back to in-process sequential extraction —
        # slower but correct.
        print(
            "  warning: parallel extraction failed (BrokenProcessPool); "
            "falling back to sequential. On Windows this usually means the "
            'caller is missing an `if __name__ == "__main__":` guard. Pass '
            "parallel=False to extract() to skip the pool entirely.",
            flush=True,
        )
        return False
    if total_files >= _PROGRESS_INTERVAL:
        # Report the same denominator the intermediate lines used (uncached files
        # actually processed this run), not total_files — switching to the full
        # corpus made the count jump upward at the end (cached hits + files with no
        # extractor never entered uncached_work), which read as inconsistent (#1693).
        _done = len(uncached_work)
        print(
            f"  AST extraction: {_done}/{_done} uncached files (100%) [{max_workers} workers]",
            flush=True,
        )
    return True


def _extract_sequential(
    uncached_work: list[tuple[int, Path]],
    per_file: list[dict | None],
    effective_root: Path,
    total_files: int,
) -> None:
    """Extract uncached files sequentially (fallback for small batches)."""
    _PROGRESS_INTERVAL = 100
    for work_idx, (idx, path) in enumerate(uncached_work):
        if (
            total_files >= _PROGRESS_INTERVAL
            and work_idx % _PROGRESS_INTERVAL == 0
            and work_idx > 0
        ):
            print(
                f"  AST extraction: {work_idx}/{len(uncached_work)} uncached files ({work_idx * 100 // len(uncached_work)}%)",
                flush=True,
            )
        extractor = _get_extractor(path)
        if extractor is None:
            per_file[idx] = {"nodes": [], "edges": []}
            continue
        bypass_cache = path.suffix in _JS_CACHE_BYPASS_SUFFIXES
        result = _safe_extract_with_xaml_root(extractor, path, effective_root)
        # See _extract_single_file: don't cache an anomalous zero-node result (#1666).
        if not bypass_cache and "error" not in result and result.get("nodes"):
            save_cached(path, result, effective_root)
        per_file[idx] = result
    if total_files >= _PROGRESS_INTERVAL:
        # Consistent denominator with the intermediate lines (#1693).
        _done = len(uncached_work)
        print(f"  AST extraction: {_done}/{_done} uncached files (100%)", flush=True)


_PARALLEL_THRESHOLD = 20


def extract(
    paths: list[Path],
    cache_root: Path | None = None,
    *,
    parallel: bool = True,
    max_workers: int | None = None,
) -> dict:
    """Extract AST nodes and edges from a list of code files.

    Two-pass process:
    1. Per-file structural extraction (classes, functions, imports)
    2. Cross-file import resolution: turns file-level imports into
       class-level INFERRED edges (DigestAuth --uses--> Response)

    Args:
        paths: files to extract from
        cache_root: explicit root for graphify-out/cache/ (overrides the
            inferred common path prefix). Pass Path('.') when running on a
            subdirectory so the cache stays at ./graphify-out/cache/.
        parallel: if True and there are >= _PARALLEL_THRESHOLD uncached files,
            use ProcessPoolExecutor for multi-core extraction.
        max_workers: max subprocess count. Defaults to cpu_count (or the
            value of GRAPHIFY_MAX_WORKERS if set), bounded by len(uncached_work).
    """
    paths = [Path(p) for p in paths]
    _check_tree_sitter_version()
    _raise_recursion_limit()
    # Workspace package manifests/globs can change during watch or repeated extraction.
    _WORKSPACE_PACKAGE_CACHE.clear()
    _XAML_CSHARP_CLASS_CACHE.clear()

    # Infer a common root for cache keys (use first diverging segment, not sum of all matches)
    try:
        if not paths:
            root = Path(".")
        elif len(paths) == 1:
            root = paths[0].parent
        else:
            min_parts = min(len(p.parts) for p in paths)
            common_len = 0
            for i in range(min_parts):
                if len({p.parts[i] for p in paths}) == 1:
                    common_len += 1
                else:
                    break
            root = Path(*paths[0].parts[:common_len]) if common_len else Path(".")
    except Exception:
        root = Path(".")
    if cache_root is not None:
        root = cache_root
    root = root.resolve()

    effective_root = cache_root or root
    total = len(paths)

    # Phase 1: separate cached hits from uncached work
    per_file: list[dict | None] = [None] * total
    uncached_work: list[tuple[int, Path]] = []

    for i, path in enumerate(paths):
        if _get_extractor(path) is None:
            per_file[i] = {"nodes": [], "edges": []}
            continue
        bypass_cache = path.suffix in _JS_CACHE_BYPASS_SUFFIXES
        if not bypass_cache:
            cached = load_cached(path, effective_root)
            if cached is not None:
                per_file[i] = cached
                continue
        uncached_work.append((i, path))

    # Phase 2: extract uncached files (parallel or sequential)
    if uncached_work:
        ran_parallel = False
        if parallel and len(uncached_work) >= _PARALLEL_THRESHOLD:
            ran_parallel = _extract_parallel(
                uncached_work, per_file, effective_root, max_workers, total
            )
        if not ran_parallel:
            _extract_sequential(uncached_work, per_file, effective_root, total)

    # Fill any remaining None slots (shouldn't happen, but defensive)
    for i in range(total):
        if per_file[i] is None:
            per_file[i] = {"nodes": [], "edges": []}

    # #1666: surface any source file an extractor accepted but that produced zero
    # nodes (not even a file node). Such a file is silently absent from the graph,
    # so affected/explain are blind to and through it with no other signal.
    _empty_sources: list[str] = []
    for i, _p in enumerate(paths):
        _res = per_file[i] or {}
        if _res.get("nodes") or _res.get("error"):
            continue
        if _get_extractor(_p) is not None:
            _empty_sources.append(str(_p))
    if _empty_sources:
        _shown = ", ".join(Path(x).name for x in _empty_sources[:5])
        _more = f" (+{len(_empty_sources) - 5} more)" if len(_empty_sources) > 5 else ""
        print(
            f"  warning: {len(_empty_sources)} source file(s) produced zero nodes and "
            f"are absent from the graph: {_shown}{_more}. A re-run will retry them "
            f"(empties are no longer cached); if it persists, please report the "
            f"file(s) (#1666).",
            file=sys.stderr, flush=True,
        )

    # #1689: a file counted as code (extension in CODE_EXTENSIONS) but with no AST
    # extractor wired up (e.g. .r/.R — there is no tree-sitter-r dispatch) silently
    # contributes zero nodes. The #1666 warning above deliberately skips these (it
    # only fires when an extractor exists), so surface them explicitly, grouped by
    # extension, rather than reporting success as if the language were mapped.
    from graphify.detect import CODE_EXTENSIONS as _CODE_EXTS
    _no_extractor: dict[str, int] = {}
    for _p in paths:
        _ext = _p.suffix.lower()
        if _ext in _CODE_EXTS and _get_extractor(_p) is None:
            _no_extractor[_ext] = _no_extractor.get(_ext, 0) + 1
    if _no_extractor:
        _by_count = ", ".join(
            f"{ext} ({n})" for ext, n in sorted(_no_extractor.items(), key=lambda kv: (-kv[1], kv[0]))
        )
        _tot = sum(_no_extractor.values())
        print(
            f"  warning: {_tot} file(s) are classified as code but graphify has no AST "
            f"extractor for their language, so they contributed nothing to the graph: "
            f"{_by_count}. Please open an issue to request support for these (#1689).",
            file=sys.stderr, flush=True,
        )

    all_nodes: list[dict] = []
    all_edges: list[dict] = []
    all_raw_calls: list[dict] = []
    for result in per_file:
        all_nodes.extend(result.get("nodes", []))
        all_edges.extend(result.get("edges", []))
        all_raw_calls.extend(result.get("raw_calls", []))
    # Function / method / class def ids for the cross-file indirect_call callable
    # guard. Built from the `_callable` node marker AFTER the id-remap / disambiguation
    # passes below (which rewrite node ids), so it can never go stale — see the
    # marker set in the per-file extractor. Populated just before the pass that uses it.
    callable_nids: set[str] = set()

    _augment_symbol_resolution_edges(paths, all_nodes, all_edges, root)

    # Merge a header-declared class (and its methods) with its sibling-impl
    # definition into ONE node (C/C++/ObjC #1547/#1556). Runs BEFORE the id-remap
    # below: a header symbol and its impl counterpart share an id only while both
    # still carry the raw file-stem prefix; the per-file prefix remap then diverges
    # them (foo_h vs foo_cpp), so the collapse must happen first. Collapsing here
    # also means disambiguation sees one source_file per id and won't split them.
    _merge_decl_def_classes(all_nodes, all_edges)

    # Remap file node IDs from absolute-path-derived to the canonical
    # {parent_dir}_{stem} spec form so (a) graph.json edge endpoints are stable
    # across machines (#502) and (b) AST file nodes match the IDs semantic
    # subagents generate (#1033). Resolve before relativizing so paths passed in
    # relative form still anchor to the (resolved) root.
    id_remap: dict[str, str] = {}
    # Symbol node IDs embed the file stem as a prefix (_file_node_id of the path
    # the extractor saw). For a root-level file that stem picks up the absolute
    # parent directory name, so a symbol becomes <rootdir>_main_run while the
    # file node is correctly relativized to main and the skill.md spec wants
    # main_run -- splitting the symbol into AST/semantic ghosts (#1096). Relativize
    # the symbol prefix the same way, gated by source_file so two files sharing a
    # prefix can't cross-contaminate. Keyed by resolved path -> (old_pref, new_pref).
    # Each file maps from up to TWO old prefixes — the input-form prefix
    # _file_node_id(path) and the absolute-resolved-form prefix
    # _file_node_id(path.resolve()). Alias/workspace imports resolve specifiers
    # through .resolve(), so their edge targets are keyed off the ABSOLUTE form;
    # when inputs are relative the two forms differ and absolute-derived targets
    # would otherwise orphan (#1529). Stored as a list so the symbol-prefix remap
    # below can try both (identical forms collapse to one — a no-op).
    prefix_remap: dict[Path, list[tuple[str, str]]] = {}
    for path in paths:
        old_id = _make_id(str(path))
        try:
            rel = path.relative_to(root)
        except ValueError:
            try:
                rel = path.resolve().relative_to(root)
            except ValueError:
                continue
        new_id = _file_node_id(rel)
        if old_id != new_id:
            id_remap[old_id] = new_id
        # Also register the absolute-resolved form of the file-level id so
        # alias/workspace import targets (resolved via .resolve()) remap to
        # canonical instead of orphaning (#1529).
        old_id_abs = _make_id(str(path.resolve()))
        if old_id_abs != new_id:
            id_remap[old_id_abs] = new_id
        old_prefs: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
        old_pref = _file_node_id(path)
        if old_pref != new_id:
            old_prefs.append((old_pref, new_id))
        old_pref_abs = _file_node_id(path.resolve())
        if old_pref_abs != new_id and old_pref_abs != old_pref:
            old_prefs.append((old_pref_abs, new_id))
        if old_prefs:
            prefix_remap[path.resolve()] = old_prefs
    if id_remap:
        for n in all_nodes:
            if n.get("id") in id_remap:
                n["id"] = id_remap[n["id"]]
        for e in all_edges:
            if e.get("source") in id_remap:
                e["source"] = id_remap[e["source"]]
            if e.get("target") in id_remap:
                e["target"] = id_remap[e["target"]]
    if prefix_remap:
        sym_remap: dict[str, str] = {}
        for n in all_nodes:
            sf = n.get("source_file")
            if not sf:
                continue
            # Package nodes carry a canonical name-keyed id (pkg_<name>) that must
            # stay identical across every manifest that references the package, so
            # they are exempt from the file-stem prefix remap (#1377), like the
            # type=module anchors (#1327).
            if n.get("type") == "package":
                continue
            try:
                entry = prefix_remap.get(Path(sf).resolve())
            except Exception:
                continue
            if entry is None:
                continue
            nid = n.get("id", "")
            # Try both the input-form and absolute-form prefixes for this file
            # (#1529). source_file gating above already prevents cross-file
            # contamination, so the first matching prefix wins.
            for old_pref, new_pref in entry:
                if nid.startswith(old_pref + "_"):
                    new_nid = new_pref + nid[len(old_pref):]
                    if new_nid != nid:
                        sym_remap[nid] = new_nid
                    break
        if sym_remap:
            for n in all_nodes:
                if n.get("id") in sym_remap:
                    n["id"] = sym_remap[n["id"]]
            for e in all_edges:
                if e.get("source") in sym_remap:
                    e["source"] = sym_remap[e["source"]]
                if e.get("target") in sym_remap:
                    e["target"] = sym_remap[e["target"]]
            # raw_calls carry caller_nid (a symbol id) consumed by the cross-file
            # call pass below, after this remap — rewrite it too or those edges
            # would dangle on their (stale) source.
            for rc in all_raw_calls:
                cn = rc.get("caller_nid")
                if cn in sym_remap:
                    rc["caller_nid"] = sym_remap[cn]

    _merge_swift_extensions(per_file, all_nodes, all_edges)
    _disambiguate_colliding_node_ids(all_nodes, all_edges, all_raw_calls, root)
    _canonicalize_csharp_namespace_nodes(all_nodes, all_edges)
    _rewire_unique_stub_nodes(all_nodes, all_edges)

    # Add cross-file class-level edges (Python only - uses Python parser internally)
    py_paths = [p for p in paths if p.suffix == ".py"]
    if py_paths:
        py_results = [r for r, p in zip(per_file, paths) if p.suffix == ".py"]
        try:
            cross_file_edges = _resolve_cross_file_imports(py_results, py_paths)
            all_edges.extend(cross_file_edges)
        except Exception as exc:
            import logging
            logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("Cross-file import resolution failed, skipping: %s", exc)

    # Cross-file Java import resolution
    java_paths = [p for p in paths if p.suffix == ".java"]
    if java_paths:
        java_results = [r for r, p in zip(per_file, paths) if p.suffix == ".java"]
        try:
            all_edges.extend(_resolve_cross_file_java_imports(java_results, java_paths))
        except Exception as exc:
            import logging
            logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("Java cross-file import resolution failed, skipping: %s", exc)
        # Re-point dangling implements/inherits edges that bare-name resolution
        # left on shadow stubs, using imports for exact-package disambiguation (#1318).
        try:
            _resolve_java_type_references(java_results, java_paths, all_nodes, all_edges)
        except Exception as exc:
            import logging
            logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("Java type-reference resolution failed, skipping: %s", exc)

    # Cross-file C# type-reference resolution: re-point dangling inherits/implements/
    # references edges left on shadow stubs, disambiguating same-named types by the
    # referencing file's `using` directives + enclosing namespace (mirrors Java #1318).
    cs_paths = [p for p in paths if p.suffix == ".cs"]
    if cs_paths:
        cs_results = [r for r, p in zip(per_file, paths) if p.suffix == ".cs"]
        try:
            _resolve_csharp_type_references(cs_results, cs_paths, all_nodes, all_edges)
        except Exception as exc:
            import logging
            logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("C# type-reference resolution failed, skipping: %s", exc)
        try:
            _resolve_cross_file_csharp_imports(cs_results, cs_paths, all_nodes, all_edges)
        except Exception as exc:
            import logging
            logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("C# cross-file import resolution failed, skipping: %s", exc)

    # Cross-file call resolution for all languages
    # Each extractor saved unresolved calls in raw_calls. Now that we have all
    # nodes from all files, resolve any callee that exists in another file.
    # Build name → ALL matching node IDs so we can skip ambiguous common names
    # (e.g. "log", "execute", "find") that appear in multiple files — resolving
    # those inflates god_nodes ranking with spurious cross-file edges.
    # Build label -> node_id index for cross-file call resolution.
    # Skip rationale nodes (their labels are docstring text, not callable
    # identifiers, and they were polluting matches for short names — #563).
    global_label_to_nids: dict[str, list[str]] = {}      # exact-case (all languages)
    global_label_to_nids_ci: dict[str, list[str]] = {}   # case-INSENSITIVE-language nodes
    for n in all_nodes:
        if n.get("file_type") == "rationale" or n.get("type") == "namespace":
            continue
        raw = n.get("label", "")
        normalised = raw.strip("()").lstrip(".")
        if normalised:
            # Case is semantic in most languages, so index (and match, below) by exact
            # case — folding collapses `Path` (class) into `PATH` (env var) and makes a
            # single shell variable the #1 god-node (#1581). Only case-insensitive
            # languages (PHP/SQL/Nim) also get a folded key for legitimate fold-matching.
            global_label_to_nids.setdefault(normalised, []).append(n["id"])
            if _lang_is_case_insensitive(n.get("source_file")):
                global_label_to_nids_ci.setdefault(normalised.lower(), []).append(n["id"])

    # Callable-def ids for the indirect_call callable guard, read from the `_callable`
    # marker on the FINAL (post-remap) nodes — so a callback resolves only to a real
    # function/method/class, never a same-named data symbol, and the guard never goes
    # stale when node ids were relativized/disambiguated above (#1566).
    callable_nids = {n["id"] for n in all_nodes if n.get("_callable")}

    # Build evidence index from import edges so cross-file calls backed by an
    # explicit import statement can be promoted from INFERRED to EXTRACTED.
    # Direct symbol imports (`import { foo }` / `const { foo } = require()`) are
    # the strongest evidence — caller's file_id has an `imports` edge directly to
    # the callee's symbol id. Module imports (`imports_from`) are weaker but still
    # confirm the caller pulled in the callee's source file.
    file_to_symbol_imports: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
    file_to_module_imports: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
    for e in all_edges:
        if e.get("relation") == "imports":
            file_to_symbol_imports.setdefault(e["source"], set()).add(e["target"])
        elif e.get("relation") == "imports_from":
            file_to_module_imports.setdefault(e["source"], set()).add(e["target"])

    # Map each node back to its containing file node id so we can ask
    # "did the caller's file import the callee's file?"
    # A node and its file node share the exact same ``source_file`` string, and a
    # file node is the one whose label is the basename (``add_node(file_nid,
    # path.name)``). Resolving file membership by that shared string is robust
    # against the path-resolution/symlink mismatch that makes
    # ``relative_to(root.resolve())`` throw and fall back to a non-matching
    # absolute-derived id — which would spuriously fail import evidence and (with
    # the #1659 JS/TS gate below) drop a legitimately-imported call.
    sf_to_file_nid: dict[str, str] = {}
    for n in all_nodes:
        sf = n.get("source_file")
        if sf and n.get("label") == Path(str(sf)).name:
            sf_to_file_nid.setdefault(str(sf), n["id"])
    nid_to_file_nid: dict[str, str] = {}
    # nid -> raw source_file string, for the ambiguous-name tie-breakers below
    # (test/non-test classification + path proximity). Kept separate from the
    # file-node-id map because tie-breaking compares the actual file paths.
    nid_to_source_file: dict[str, str] = {}
    for n in all_nodes:
        sf = n.get("source_file")
        if not sf:
            continue
        nid_to_source_file[n["id"]] = str(sf)
        fnid = sf_to_file_nid.get(str(sf))
        if fnid is not None:
            nid_to_file_nid[n["id"]] = fnid
            continue
        # Fallback (no file node found for this source_file): derive it the old
        # way from the relativized path.
        sf_path = Path(sf)
        try:
            sf_rel = sf_path.relative_to(root) if sf_path.is_absolute() else sf_path
        except ValueError:
            sf_rel = sf_path
        nid_to_file_nid[n["id"]] = _file_node_id(sf_rel)

    existing_pairs = {(e["source"], e["target"]) for e in all_edges}
    # Call-like pairs only, for the indirect_call dedup: an `imports` edge from a
    # file to the symbol it imports is EXPECTED and must not suppress an
    # indirect_call to that same symbol (JS/TS named imports create such an edge).
    call_like_pairs = {
        (e["source"], e["target"]) for e in all_edges
        if e.get("relation") in ("calls", "indirect_call")
    }
    # JS/TS/JSX modules have no implicit cross-module scope: a call into another
    # file is real ONLY if the caller imported it. So a cross-file call from one
    # of these files with no import evidence is gated below (#1659).
    _JS_TS_CALL_SUFFIXES = (".ts", ".tsx", ".mts", ".cts", ".js", ".jsx", ".mjs", ".cjs")
    for rc in all_raw_calls:
        callee = rc.get("callee", "")
        if not callee:
            continue
        if callee in _LANGUAGE_BUILTIN_GLOBALS:
            continue
        # Skip member-call callees: obj.log() → "log" has no import evidence
        # and collides with any top-level function named "log" in the corpus.
        if rc.get("is_member_call"):
            continue
        # Skip Ruby include/extend/prepend mixin markers: they carry a module
        # name as `callee` but are not calls — the Ruby resolver turns them into
        # `mixes_in` edges. Letting the shared pass emit a `calls` edge here would
        # both mislabel the relation and block the mixes_in emit as a dup (#1668).
        if rc.get("is_mixin"):
            continue
        # Exact-case match first (case is semantic). Fold only when the CALLING
        # file's language is case-insensitive, and only against the folded index of
        # case-insensitive-language definitions — so a Python `Path()` call can never
        # resolve to a shell `PATH` node (#1581).
        candidates = global_label_to_nids.get(callee, [])
        if not candidates and _lang_is_case_insensitive(rc.get("source_file")):
            candidates = global_label_to_nids_ci.get(callee.lower(), [])
        if not candidates:
            continue
        # Cross-language guard: never bind a call to a definition in a different
        # language family. Name-only matching was resolving a TSX callback passed
        # by name to a same-named Kotlin method in the Android half of the repo
        # (and a Python call to a Kotlin fun) — phantom edges the extraction spec
        # explicitly forbids. Candidates whose family is unknown (no source_file,
        # non-code nodes) are kept, preserving the previous permissive behavior;
        # real interop pairs (Kotlin↔Java, C↔C++↔ObjC, JS↔TS) share a family and
        # still resolve.
        caller_family = _lang_family(rc.get("source_file"))
        if caller_family is not None:
            candidates = [
                c for c in candidates
                if (candidate_family := _lang_family(nid_to_source_file.get(c))) is None
                or candidate_family == caller_family
            ]
            if not candidates:
                continue
        caller = rc["caller_nid"]
        # Resolve the caller's file via the raw_call's own source_file string,
        # which is stable regardless of any caller_nid remap. An indirect
        # callback's caller_nid is the file node, whose id may have been
        # relativized after the raw_call was recorded, so a caller_nid lookup can
        # miss and (with the #1659 gate) drop a legitimately-imported callback.
        caller_file_nid = (
            sf_to_file_nid.get(str(rc.get("source_file", "")))
            or nid_to_file_nid.get(caller)
        )
        imported_symbols = file_to_symbol_imports.get(caller_file_nid, set())
        imported_modules = file_to_module_imports.get(caller_file_nid, set())

        def _has_import_evidence(candidate_id: str) -> bool:
            # Direct symbol import (`import { foo }`) is the strongest evidence:
            # the caller's file has an `imports` edge straight to this symbol.
            # A module import (`import './helper.js'`) confirms the caller pulled
            # in the file the candidate lives in.
            candidate_file_nid = nid_to_file_nid.get(candidate_id)
            return (
                candidate_id in imported_symbols
                or (candidate_file_nid is not None and candidate_file_nid in imported_modules)
            )

        if len(candidates) == 1:
            tgt = candidates[0]
            has_import_evidence = _has_import_evidence(tgt)
        else:
            # Ambiguous name (defined in 2+ files). Don't bail outright (#1219):
            # if the caller has explicit import evidence pointing at exactly one
            # of the candidates, that named import disambiguates unambiguously.
            # Prefer direct symbol-import matches; fall back to module-import
            # matches only when they too collapse to a single target. Without a
            # unique evidence-backed pick we skip, preserving the #543 guard
            # against over-connecting common short names (log, execute, find).
            symbol_matches = [c for c in candidates if c in imported_symbols]
            if len(symbol_matches) == 1:
                tgt = symbol_matches[0]
                has_import_evidence = True
            else:
                module_matches = [
                    c for c in candidates
                    if (cf := nid_to_file_nid.get(c)) is not None and cf in imported_modules
                ]
                if len(module_matches) == 1:
                    tgt = module_matches[0]
                    has_import_evidence = True
                else:
                    # No unique import evidence. Instead of dropping the edge
                    # outright (which let a single same-named test mock erase the
                    # real call graph, #1553), apply the shared god-node
                    # tie-breakers (non-test preference, then path proximity).
                    # Resolve only if exactly one candidate survives; otherwise
                    # the #543/#1219 guard still holds and we skip.
                    tgt = disambiguate_ambiguous_candidates(
                        candidates,
                        {c: nid_to_source_file.get(c, "") for c in candidates},
                        rc.get("source_file", ""),
                    )
                    if tgt is None:
                        continue
                    has_import_evidence = False
        if rc.get("indirect"):
            # Cross-file indirect dispatch: a callback passed BY NAME
            # (`from .h import fn; pool.submit(fn)`, or listed in a dispatch
            # table). Resolved through the same single-definition / import-evidence
            # candidate logic as a direct call, but emitted as a distinct INFERRED
            # `indirect_call` and ONLY when the target is a real callable def —
            # never a same-named data symbol. Stays INFERRED even with import
            # evidence: the name is referenced as a value here, not invoked. Dedup
            # is call-aware (an existing direct `calls` edge pre-empts it; a benign
            # `imports` edge to the same symbol does NOT suppress it).
            if tgt != caller and (caller, tgt) not in call_like_pairs and tgt in callable_nids:
                call_like_pairs.add((caller, tgt))
                all_edges.append({
                    "source": caller,
                    "target": tgt,
                    "relation": "indirect_call",
                    "context": rc.get("context", "argument"),
                    "confidence": "INFERRED",
                    "confidence_score": 0.8,
                    "source_file": rc.get("source_file", ""),
                    "source_location": rc.get("source_location"),
                    "weight": 1.0,
                })
            continue
        # #1659: a JS/TS DIRECT call with no import evidence is almost always an
        # unrelated same-named export in a package that was never imported — a
        # phantom cross-package edge (a 14-package monorepo had `platform` and
        # `sidecar` shown as depending on `registry-protocol` purely because it
        # exported generically-named symbols). JS/TS modules have no implicit
        # cross-module scope, so leave it unresolved rather than binding by name
        # alone. Other languages keep the #1553 single-candidate resolution:
        # C/C++ headers, Ruby autoload, and same-package implicit scope
        # legitimately call across files without an explicit import. Scoped to
        # direct calls: the indirect_call path above is already conservative
        # (INFERRED, callable-target-gated) and independent of import evidence.
        if not has_import_evidence and str(rc.get("source_file", "")).endswith(_JS_TS_CALL_SUFFIXES):
            continue
        if tgt != caller and (caller, tgt) not in existing_pairs:
            existing_pairs.add((caller, tgt))
            # Promote to EXTRACTED when there's a direct import edge from the
            # caller's file pointing at either the callee symbol itself or the
            # file the callee lives in.
            if has_import_evidence:
                confidence = "EXTRACTED"
                confidence_score = 1.0
            else:
                confidence = "INFERRED"
                confidence_score = 0.8
            all_edges.append({
                "source": caller,
                "target": tgt,
                "relation": "calls",
                "context": "call",
                "confidence": confidence,
                "confidence_score": confidence_score,
                "source_file": rc.get("source_file", ""),
                "source_location": rc.get("source_location"),
                "weight": 1.0,
            })

    # Cross-file, language-specific member-call resolution. Runs after the shared
    # call pass so node ids/caller_nids are final; each pass is additive (only the
    # receiver-typed/qualified calls the shared pass skipped) with its own
    # single-definition god-node guard. Registered in graphify.resolver_registry so
    # a new language plugs in without editing this body (#1356 Swift, #1446 Python).
    run_language_resolvers(paths, per_file, all_nodes, all_edges)

    # Relativize source_file fields so paths are portable across machines (#555)
    for item in all_nodes + all_edges:
        sf = item.get("source_file")
        if not sf:
            continue
        sf_path = Path(sf)
        if not sf_path.is_absolute():
            continue
        try:
            item["source_file"] = sf_path.relative_to(root).as_posix()
        except ValueError:
            pass

    # origin_file is an internal disambiguation hint (#1462): the colliding-id pass
    # above reads it to keep same-named cross-file stubs distinct, after which nothing
    # consumes it. Drop it from the returned nodes so it never ships into graph.json as
    # an absolute, machine-specific path — the same "no absolute paths in output"
    # contract that relativizes source_file just above (#555, #932). The per-file AST
    # cache keeps its own copy, which is what the colliding-id pass reads on a cache hit.
    for n in all_nodes:
        n.pop("origin_file", None)
        n.pop("_callable", None)  # internal indirect_call marker — never ships to graph.json

    # Tag AST provenance so the incremental watch rebuild can distinguish
    # AST-extracted nodes from semantic/LLM nodes. On a full re-extraction
    # the watcher drops any AST-marked node missing from the fresh output
    # even when its source file still exists (#1116).
    for n in all_nodes:
        n["_origin"] = "ast"

    return {
        "nodes": all_nodes,
        "edges": all_edges,
        "input_tokens": 0,
        "output_tokens": 0,
    }


def collect_files(target: Path, *, follow_symlinks: bool = False, root: Path | None = None) -> list[Path]:
    containment_root = root if root is not None else target
    from graphify.detect import _resolves_under_root
    if target.is_file():
        return [target] if _resolves_under_root(target, containment_root) else []
    _EXTENSIONS = set(_DISPATCH.keys())
    from graphify.detect import _is_ignored, _is_noise_dir, _load_graphifyignore
    ignore_root = root if root is not None else target
    patterns = _load_graphifyignore(ignore_root)
    # Shared across all _is_ignored calls in this scan so ancestor-directory
    # results are memoised instead of re-evaluated per file.
    ignore_cache: dict[Path, bool] = {}

    def _ignored(p: Path) -> bool:
        return bool(patterns and _is_ignored(p, ignore_root, patterns, _cache=ignore_cache))

    if not follow_symlinks:
        # The old rglob filter rejected paths with a noise component anywhere,
        # including components of target itself — preserve that.
        if any(_is_noise_dir(part) for part in target.parts):
            return []
        # When negation (!) patterns exist, skip directory-level ignore pruning
        # so negated files inside ignored dirs can still be reached (same
        # conservatism as detect's scan walk).
        has_negation = any(pat.startswith("!") for _, pat in patterns)
        results: list[Path] = []
        for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(target):
            dp = Path(dirpath)
            dirnames[:] = [
                d for d in dirnames
                if not _is_noise_dir(d)
                and (has_negation or not _ignored(dp / d))
            ]
            for fname in filenames:
                p = dp / fname
                suffix = p.suffix
                if (suffix in _EXTENSIONS or suffix.lower() in _EXTENSIONS) and not _ignored(p) and _resolves_under_root(p, containment_root):
                    results.append(p)
        return sorted(results)
    # Walk with symlink following + cycle detection
    results = []
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(target, followlinks=True):
        if os.path.islink(dirpath):
            real = os.path.realpath(dirpath)
            parent_real = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(dirpath))
            if parent_real == real or parent_real.startswith(real + os.sep):
                dirnames.clear()
                continue
        dp = Path(dirpath)
        dirnames[:] = [
            d for d in dirnames
            if not _is_noise_dir(d)
            and (not (dp / d).is_symlink() or _resolves_under_root(dp / d, containment_root))
        ]
        for fname in filenames:
            p = dp / fname
            suffix = p.suffix
            if (suffix in _EXTENSIONS or suffix.lower() in _EXTENSIONS) and not _ignored(p) and _resolves_under_root(p, containment_root):
                results.append(p)
    return sorted(results)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        print("Usage: python -m graphify.extract <file_or_dir> ...", file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(1)

    paths: list[Path] = []
    for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
        paths.extend(collect_files(Path(arg)))

    result = extract(paths)
    print(json.dumps(result, indent=2))