first commit

reviews/admin.py

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+from django.contrib import admin
+from .models import Rating
+
+@admin.register(Rating)
+class RatingAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ('content_object', 'user', 'score', 'created_at')
+    list_filter = ('score', 'created_at', 'content_type')
+    search_fields = ('user__username', 'user__email', 'comment')
+    readonly_fields = ('created_at', 'updated_at')
+    
+    # GenericForeignKey alanlarını admin panelinde daha düzgün göstermek için
+    # content_object alanını list_display'e ekledik, bu sayede hangi nesneye oy verildiği görülebilir.
+    
+    def get_queryset(self, request):
+        # N+1 sorununu önlemek için related alanları prefetch edelim
+        return super().get_queryset(request).select_related('user', 'content_type').prefetch_related('content_object')

reviews/apps.py

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+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class ReviewsConfig(AppConfig):
+    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
+    name = 'reviews'

reviews/migrations/0001_initial.py

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+# Generated by Django 6.0 on 2026-01-20 18:10
+
+import django.db.models.deletion
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    initial = True
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('contenttypes', '0002_remove_content_type_name'),
+        migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Rating',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('score', models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=[(1, '1'), (2, '2'), (3, '3'), (4, '4'), (5, '5')], verbose_name='Puan')),
+                ('comment', models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='Yorum')),
+                ('object_id', models.PositiveIntegerField()),
+                ('created_at', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+                ('updated_at', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
+                ('content_type', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='contenttypes.contenttype')),
+                ('user', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='ratings', to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)),
+            ],
+            options={
+                'verbose_name': 'Değerlendirme',
+                'verbose_name_plural': 'Değerlendirmeler',
+                'ordering': ['-created_at'],
+                'unique_together': {('content_type', 'object_id', 'user')},
+            },
+        ),
+    ]

reviews/models.py

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+from django.conf import settings
+from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
+from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+from django.db import models
+from django.db.models import Avg
+
+
+class Rating(models.Model):
+    score = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=[(i, str(i)) for i in range(1, 6)], verbose_name="Puan")
+    comment = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="Yorum")
+    
+    # Generic Relation Fields
+    content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
+    content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')
+
+    user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='ratings')
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
+    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
+
+    class Meta:
+        unique_together = ('content_type', 'object_id', 'user')  # Bir kullanıcı bir şeye sadece bir kez oy verebilir
+        ordering = ['-created_at']
+        verbose_name = "Değerlendirme"
+        verbose_name_plural = "Değerlendirmeler"
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"{self.score} - {self.content_object}"
+
+
+# Bu Mixin'i oylanabilir olmasını istediğiniz modellere miras (inherit) verebilirsiniz.
+class RateableMixin:
+    @property
+    def average_rating(self):
+        # İlgili nesneye ait tüm oyların ortalamasını alır
+        ratings = Rating.objects.filter(
+            content_type=ContentType.objects.get_for_model(self),
+            object_id=self.id
+        )
+        return ratings.aggregate(Avg('score'))['score__avg'] or 0.0
+
+    @property
+    def rating_count(self):
+        # Toplam oy sayısını döndürür
+        return Rating.objects.filter(
+            content_type=ContentType.objects.get_for_model(self),
+            object_id=self.id
+        ).count()

reviews/serializers.py

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+from rest_framework import serializers
+from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+from .models import Rating
+
+class RatingSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    user = serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True)
+    model_name = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)  # Örn: 'product'
+    object_id = serializers.IntegerField()
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = Rating
+        fields = ['id', 'score', 'comment', 'user', 'created_at', 'model_name', 'object_id']
+        read_only_fields = ['id', 'created_at', 'user']
+
+    def create(self, validated_data):
+        model_name = validated_data.pop('model_name').lower()
+        object_id = validated_data.pop('object_id')
+        user = self.context['request'].user
+
+        # Model adından ContentType'ı bul
+        try:
+            # app_label='product' varsayımı yapıyoruz veya tüm app'lerde arayabiliriz.
+            # Daha güvenli olması için app_label'ı da parametre alabiliriz ama şimdilik basit tutalım.
+            # Genellikle model isimleri unique olur.
+            content_type = ContentType.objects.get(model=model_name)
+        except ContentType.DoesNotExist:
+            raise serializers.ValidationError(f"Model '{model_name}' bulunamadı.")
+
+        # Kullanıcının daha önce oy verip vermediğini kontrol et (unique_together constraint var ama burada da yakalayalım)
+        rating, created = Rating.objects.update_or_create(
+            content_type=content_type,
+            object_id=object_id,
+            user=user,
+            defaults={'score': validated_data.get('score'), 'comment': validated_data.get('comment')}
+        )
+        
+        return rating

reviews/urls.py

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+from django.urls import path
+from .views import CreateRatingView, ListRatingsView
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('rate/', CreateRatingView.as_view(), name='create-rating'),
+    path('list/', ListRatingsView.as_view(), name='list-ratings'),
+]

reviews/views.py

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+from rest_framework import generics, permissions, status
+from rest_framework.response import Response
+from rest_framework.views import APIView
+from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+from .models import Rating
+from .serializers import RatingSerializer
+
+class CreateRatingView(generics.CreateAPIView):
+    serializer_class = RatingSerializer
+    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated]
+
+    def perform_create(self, serializer):
+        # Serializer'ın create metodunda user ve content_type işlemleri yapılıyor
+        serializer.save()
+
+class ListRatingsView(APIView):
+    """
+    Belirli bir model ve ID için yorumları listeler.
+    Örn: /api/v1/reviews/list/?model=product&id=1
+    """
+    def get(self, request):
+        model_name = request.query_params.get('model')
+        object_id = request.query_params.get('id')
+
+        if not model_name or not object_id:
+            return Response({"error": "model ve id parametreleri gereklidir."}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+
+        try:
+            content_type = ContentType.objects.get(model=model_name.lower())
+            ratings = Rating.objects.filter(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id)
+            serializer = RatingSerializer(ratings, many=True)
+            return Response(serializer.data)
+        except ContentType.DoesNotExist:
+            return Response({"error": "Model bulunamadı."}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)